<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169</id><updated>2012-02-16T11:33:03.108-08:00</updated><category term='shoes'/><category term='Paleis'/><category term='Thérésa Tallien'/><category term='Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><category term='The Hortensia Diamond'/><category term='Pauline Borghese'/><category term='Bataafse Republiek'/><category term='Slot Arenenberg'/><category term='Duc de Morny'/><category term='lettres'/><category term='Christmas'/><category term='Désirée Clary'/><category term='Vernieuwingen onder bewind Napoleon'/><category term='Marie Antoinette. houses'/><category term='interiors'/><category term='Malmaison'/><category term='fashion'/><category term='Eugène de Beauharnais'/><category term='Lodewijk Napoleon'/><category term='Koningin van Holland'/><category term='jewelry'/><category term='Lucien Bonaparte'/><category term='Marie Julie Clary Bonaparte'/><category term='Napoleon'/><category term='Campan (1752-1822)'/><category term='Ingres'/><category term='esskultur'/><category term='Madame Talleyrand-Périgord'/><category term='Alexandre de Beauharnais'/><category term='You tube'/><category term='Rue de la Victoire'/><category term='Désirée'/><category term='The château Saint-Cloud'/><category term='Auguste Amalia Ludovika'/><category term='Songs of Queen Hortense'/><category term='Hortense de Beauharnais'/><category term='Marie Walewska'/><category term='Charles Maurice de Talleyrand'/><title type='text'>Hortense de Beauharnais</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>90</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4919458049745211046</id><published>2012-02-15T03:56:00.012-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-15T10:28:23.878-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Désirée Clary'/><title type='text'>Désirée Clary</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cR6zhdScoDM/TzunfzowmDI/AAAAAAAAZuI/bdTQ05hd4Q0/s1600/desiree_clary_1781_1860_queen_hi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cR6zhdScoDM/TzunfzowmDI/AAAAAAAAZuI/bdTQ05hd4Q0/s320/desiree_clary_1781_1860_queen_hi.jpg" width="268" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Early life and family&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Désirée Clary was born in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Marseille"&gt;Marseille&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="France"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, the daughter of François Clary (Marseille, St. Ferreol, 24 February 1725 – Marseille, 20 January 1794), a wealthy&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silk"&gt;silk&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manufacturer"&gt;manufacturer&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Merchant"&gt;merchant&lt;/a&gt;, and his second wife (m. 26 June 1759) Françoise Rose Somis (Marseille, St. Ferreol, 30 August 1737 –&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Paris"&gt;Paris&lt;/a&gt;, 28 January 1815). He had been previously married at Marseille, 13 April 1751 to Gabrielle Fléchon (1732 – 3 May 1758), without issue. Her sister,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Clary" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Julie Clary"&gt;Julie Clary&lt;/a&gt;, married&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph Bonaparte"&gt;Joseph Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;, and later became Queen of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Naples"&gt;Naples&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Spain"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;. Her brother, Nicholas Joseph Clary, was created 1st&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Count"&gt;Count&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Clary and married Anne Jeanne Rouyer, by whom he had Zénaïde Françoise Clary (Paris, 25 November 1812 – Paris, 27 April 1884), wife of Napoléon Berthier de Wagram, 2nd duc de Wagram (10 September 1810 – 10 February 1887), son of Marshal&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Alexandre_Berthier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Louis Alexandre Berthier"&gt;Berthier&lt;/a&gt;, and had issue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Désirée received the convent schooling usually given to daughters of the upper classes in pre-revolutionary France, but, during the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="French Revolution"&gt;Revolution&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of 1789, convents were closed&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;and Désirée returned to live with her parents. Her education was described as shallow.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;She was to be very devoted to her birth-family her entire life. In 1794, her father died. Her brother was arrested by the revolutionary government, and she was later to say that he was released by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph Bonaparte"&gt;Joseph Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on her intervention, after which Joseph was presented to her family and married her sister. Désirée was presented to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Napoleon Bonaparte"&gt;Napoleon Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;, to whom she became engaged on 21 April 1795; but upon becoming involved with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais"&gt;Joséphine de Beauharnais&lt;/a&gt;, whom he married on 9 March 1796, Bonaparte broke off his engagement with Désirée.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1795–1797, Désirée lived with her mother in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Genoa"&gt;Genoa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in Italy. In 1797, she went to live with her sister Julie and her brother-in-law Joseph, who was the French ambassador to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rome"&gt;Rome&lt;/a&gt;. Her relationship with Julie was always to be very intense and deep. She was briefly expected to marry the French General Léonard Duphot,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;but he was killed in a riot in Rome in December 1797, on the eve of their marriage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HBTfHUih6H8/Tzun_7YU2iI/AAAAAAAAZuQ/q153ij70PgY/s1600/Dezyderia_Bernadotte.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HBTfHUih6H8/Tzun_7YU2iI/AAAAAAAAZuQ/q153ij70PgY/s400/Dezyderia_Bernadotte.jpeg" width="281" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Madame Bernadotte"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Madame_Bernadotte"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"&gt;Madame Bernadotte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;After her return to France, she met her future husband, the French General&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden"&gt;Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte&lt;/a&gt;. They were married at&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceaux,_Hauts-de-Seine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine"&gt;Sceaux&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on 17 August 1798. In the marriage contract, Désirée was given economic independence.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;In 1799, she gave birth to their only child, a son,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Oscar I of Sweden"&gt;Oscar&lt;/a&gt;, but the couple lived more or less separate lives afterward.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Her husband was a leading general in the French Napoleonic army, and normally absent from Paris. Désirée had a good relationship with the Bonaparte Imperial family, as well as with the Empress Joséphine, and declined taking sides in the conflicts between Joséphine and the Bonaparte siblings. She had a place in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Coronation"&gt;coronation&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ceremony in 1804. Désirée lived a comfortable social life in Paris during her husband's long absences, though she preferred an informal family life to that of the Imperial court. It is believed that she may have had a romantic relationship with the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Corsica"&gt;Corsican&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ange Chaippe, who often acted as her escort.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;In 1804–1805, Bernadotte was made governor of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hanover"&gt;Hanover&lt;/a&gt;, and Désirée and her son moved to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hamburg"&gt;Hamburg&lt;/a&gt;; but she soon returned to Paris. She was not happy living anywhere but Paris. When her spouse was made Prince of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontecorvo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pontecorvo"&gt;Pontecorvo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 1806, Désirée worriedly asked if she would be forced to leave Paris, but was happy when she was assured that she would not.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;In 1807, she visited Bernadotte in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Spandau"&gt;Spandau&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Désirée was not interested in politics, but her good connections made her a puppet in the hands of her husband and Napoleon, who both used her to influence the other and to communicate with each other with her as a messenger.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1810, Bernadotte was elected heir to the throne of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sweden"&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;. Désirée initially thought this was to be similar to the position of Prince of Pontecorvo, and was depressed when she found out that this time she was expected to leave Paris.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Crown Princess"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Crown_Princess"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Crown Princess&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Désirée visited Sweden for the first time in 1810 but could not adapt to the demands of formal court&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiquette" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Etiquette"&gt;etiquette&lt;/a&gt;. She was said to have been treated with a certain snobbery by the court and especially&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedwig_Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_Holstein-Gottorp" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp"&gt;the Queen&lt;/a&gt;, though&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Magdalena_of_Denmark" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sophia Magdalena of Denmark"&gt;the Dowager Queen&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;was kind to her. The climate was also a shock; she arrived during the winter, and she hated the snow so much that she cried.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;She had never wished to be a queen and did not want to move so far away from her family. The queen found her spoiled and undignified, and Désirée's French entourage, especially Elise la Flotte, made her unpopular by encouraging her to complain about everything.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;The Queen described her as good-hearted, generous and pleasant when she chose to be and not one to plot, but also as immature and a "spoiled child",&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;who hated all demands and was unable to handle any form of representation.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;She described Desiree as "a French woman in every inch," who disliked and complained about everything which was not French, and "consequently, she is not liked."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;She left Sweden in 1811 under the name of "Countess of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotland" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gotland"&gt;Gotland&lt;/a&gt;", officially because of her health, and returned to Paris. There she stayed for twelve years, leaving her husband and her son behind. She herself said that the Swedish nobility had treated her as if they were made of ice:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;"Do not talk with me of Stockholm, I get a cold as soon as I hear the word."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;She resided incognito in Paris, thereby avoiding politics during the difficult period when Sweden was at war with France. However, her house at rue d'Anjou was watched by the secret police, and her letters were read by them. When Napoleon was defeated in 1814, her house was a refuge for her sister Julie. Bernadotte met her in Paris, but returned to Sweden without her. She was ridiculed by the court of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Louis XVIII of France"&gt;Louis XVIII of France&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;as an upstart, but had her own little court where she held receptions. In 1816, she made plans to return to Sweden, but she wished to bring her sister, Julie; her husband thought this unwise, as Julie was a member of the Bonaparte family and her presence might be taken as a sign that he sided with the deposed Napoleon, and in the end, this came to nothing.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Désirée's husband had employed a Count de Montrichard at her household (1817) as his spy to report to him if she did anything which could affect him.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SFl-ITBldEM/TzupCE7FFUI/AAAAAAAAZuY/VJQfS5jEhbc/s1600/Desiree+Clary+The+Bernadotte+Family+by+Fredrik+Westin+1837.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="282" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SFl-ITBldEM/TzupCE7FFUI/AAAAAAAAZuY/VJQfS5jEhbc/s400/Desiree+Clary+The+Bernadotte+Family+by+Fredrik+Westin+1837.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Queen"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Queen"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Queen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 202px;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0b0080; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Queen Desideria of Sweden and Norway&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg/200px-Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" class="thumbimage" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg/200px-Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="269" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1818, her husband became king of Sweden; but she remained in Paris, officially for health reasons, which was discussed in the papers in Paris and by her visitors. In Sweden, her husband took a mistress, the noble&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Koskull" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mariana Koskull"&gt;Mariana Koskull&lt;/a&gt;. Désirée held receptions in Paris as the queen of Sweden on Thursdays and Sundays, though she still used the title of countess. She fell in love with the French minister, the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu"&gt;duc de Richelieu&lt;/a&gt;, and followed him on his travels until his death in 1822.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;In 1822, she met her son in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aachen"&gt;Aachen&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1823, Désirée returned to Sweden together with her son's bride,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_of_Leuchtenberg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;" title="Josephine of Leuchtenberg"&gt;Josephine of Leuchtenberg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;; the visit was initially to be but a short one. On 21 August 1829, she was crowned Queen at her own request. She also talked about a coronation in Norway, but the Norwegians found it impossible because of her religion. She was, in fact, not religious, but was forced to attend mass and confession by her daughter-in-law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[19]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;She was the first commoner to be a queen since&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_M%C3%A5nsdotter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Karin Månsdotter"&gt;Karin Månsdotter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 1568. The 1830s were a period when she did her best to be active as a queen, a role she had never wanted to play.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;The decade is described as a time of balls and parties, more than had been seen at the Swedish court since the days of King&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_III_of_Sweden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Gustav III of Sweden"&gt;Gustav III&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, but Désirée soon grew tired of her royal status and wanted to return to France. However, her husband did not allow it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aH2i9ecFI8U/TzuprSPHKhI/AAAAAAAAZug/cyIa4Gijdl0/s1600/Diademe-Reine-Suede-Desiree-Clary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="265" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aH2i9ecFI8U/TzuprSPHKhI/AAAAAAAAZug/cyIa4Gijdl0/s400/Diademe-Reine-Suede-Desiree-Clary.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2BcJIN4E_Vo/TzumcxlfqFI/AAAAAAAAZuA/_DtKqr_WzCo/s1600/Rosersberg_slott_huvudbyggnad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="232" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2BcJIN4E_Vo/TzumcxlfqFI/AAAAAAAAZuA/_DtKqr_WzCo/s400/Rosersberg_slott_huvudbyggnad.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is nothing to indicate that she ever had any political influence. She spent her summers at&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosersberg_Palace" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rosersberg Palace"&gt;Rosersberg Palace&lt;/a&gt;, and often visited Swedish spas, such as&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raml%C3%B6sa" id="cite_ref-20" reference"="" style="background-attachment: The court was astonished by her informal behaviour. Every morning, she visited her husband in her nightgown, which was seen as shocking, because her husband usually conferred with members of the council of state in his bed chamber at that time. Otherwise, they met only on formal occasions: because she was always late at dinner, he stopped having his meals with her after 1826: and as her consort also preferred to have his meals alone, it was not uncommon for the nobles of the court to sit alone at the dinner table, without the royal couple present.&amp;lt;sup class=;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[21]&lt;/a&gt;She went to bed late, and woke up late.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;She never became very popular at the royal court and never learned to speak Swedish, and there are many anecdotes of her attempts to speak the language. She kept her French personal staff: during the first years, her niece, countess Marcelle Tascher de la Pagerie, was her lady-in-waiting. Among her other more known ladies-in-waiting were the Norwegians Kathinka Falbe and Jana Falbe; because of Desiree's eccentric habits, they were known as "Strapatsfröknarna" (approximately "Mlles. Calamity")&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During her stays at Rosersberg Palace, she took walks in the parc by night, and as she had a fear of being attacked by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bat"&gt;bats&lt;/a&gt;, she instructed her ladies-in-waiting to walk in front of her dressed in white to attract the bats from her.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1844, her husband died. In 1853, she wished to return to Paris, but her fear of sea travel made it impossible. After becoming a widow, she grew more and more eccentric. She went to bed in the morning, got up in the evening, ate breakfast at night, and drove around in a carriage through the streets, in the courtyard, or wandered around the corridors of the sleeping castle with a light.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[24]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;An anecdote illustrates this: in 1843, a palace guard saw the queen fully dressed on the palace balcony in the middle of the night. When he came home to his wife, he told her that she was lazy in comparison to the queen, who had gotten up hours before sunrise.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[25]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;He thought Queen Désirée was up earlier than anyone else in town, but in fact, she had not yet gone to bed-–she would eventually get up from bed at three or four in the afternoon. She enjoyed making unannounced visits, and sometimes she would take in children from the streets to the palace and give them sweets; she was not able to engage in any real conversation, but she would say "Kom, kom!", which is Swedish for "Come come!"&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[26]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;There are other stories about people having been awakened by her carriage when she drove through the streets at night; the carriage sometimes stopped. She would sleep for a while, and then she would wake and the carriage would continue on its way. Sometimes she drove in circles around the royal palace: this habit was called "Kring Kring", one of the few Swedish words she learned, which means "around and around".&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[27]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;On the last day of her life, she entered her box at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Opera" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Swedish Opera"&gt;Royal Swedish Opera&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;just after the performance had ended. Désirée died in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Stockholm"&gt;Stockholm&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on 17 December 1860.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Ancestry"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2Db9QhSpk-M/Tzuqm4Wnk3I/AAAAAAAAZuo/hmKYCTXDi54/s1600/tombe_desiree_clary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2Db9QhSpk-M/Tzuqm4Wnk3I/AAAAAAAAZuo/hmKYCTXDi54/s320/tombe_desiree_clary.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-right: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Désirée Clary in fiction"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="D.C3.A9sir.C3.A9e_Clary_in_fiction"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Désirée Clary in fiction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Désirée Clary is the subject of a popular novel, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mock"&gt;mock&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiography" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Autobiography"&gt;autobiography&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annemarie_Selinko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Annemarie Selinko"&gt;Annemarie Selinko&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Désirée&lt;/i&gt;, 1951; and of two films:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;li style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Destin fabuleux de Désirée Clary&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1942) a French film made by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacha_Guitry" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sacha Guitry"&gt;Sacha Guitry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_(film)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;" title="Désirée (film)"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0b0080;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;object height="315" width="560"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ksINvrfumKY?version=3&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ksINvrfumKY?version=3&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;Désirée&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1954), an American film based on Selinko's book, with&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Simmons" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Jean Simmons"&gt;Jean Simmons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlon_Brando" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Marlon Brando"&gt;Marlon Brando&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;The Selinko book mentioned above was originally published in 1951 in German, by Kiepenheuer &amp;amp; Witsch, and quickly rose to the best-seller lists around the world. It has been translated into many languages, including English, French, Spanish, Turkish, Greek, and Chinese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Clary and Marie Tascher, better known as Joséphine de Beauharnais, the future wife of Napoleon and first empress of France, were also the subjects of a screen treatment written by John B. Langan and published in 1918,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;The Bernadotte Album&lt;/i&gt;, which purported to be "Founded on the memoirs of Marie Tascher and Désirée Clary."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary"&gt;en.wikipedia/Clary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;28 Rue d'Anjou, Paris,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ancien&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;abbr class="abbr" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;" title="numéro"&gt;n&lt;sup style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;36)&amp;nbsp;: Hôtel datant du&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="XVIIIe siècle"&gt;&lt;span class="romain" style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;xviii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la marquise de Nicolaï. L'ambassade de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollande" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Hollande"&gt;Hollande&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;s'y installa après elle et y aménagea une chapelle protestante. L'hôtel fut ensuite acquis par le&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau"&gt;général Moreau&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;. En&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1804" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="1804"&gt;1804&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Napoléon Ier"&gt;Napoléon&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class="abbr" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: inherit;" title="premier"&gt;I&lt;sup style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;le lui racheta pour 400&amp;nbsp;000 francs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_d'Anjou#cite_note-45" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"&gt;46&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;et l'offrit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_d'Anjou#cite_note-46" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"&gt;47&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;au&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XIV_Jean_de_Su%C3%A8de" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles XIV Jean de Suède"&gt;maréchal Bernadotte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;et à sa femme née&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Désirée Clary"&gt;Désirée Clary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;. Celle-ci y habita dix-huit ans, y demeurant bien après que Bernadotte eut été appelé au trône de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Suède"&gt;Suède&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;. Le comte Joachim Clary (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="1802"&gt;1802&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="1856"&gt;1856&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;), capitaine de cavalerie, sénateur, y mourut en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="1856"&gt;1856&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;. L'hôtel a été détruit lors du prolongement du&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard_Malesherbes" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="Boulevard Malesherbes"&gt;boulevard Malesherbes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-decoration: none;" title="1861"&gt;1861&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4919458049745211046?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4919458049745211046/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/early-life-and-family-desiree-clary-was.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4919458049745211046'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4919458049745211046'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/early-life-and-family-desiree-clary-was.html' title='Désirée Clary'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cR6zhdScoDM/TzunfzowmDI/AAAAAAAAZuI/bdTQ05hd4Q0/s72-c/desiree_clary_1781_1860_queen_hi.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2044004985510770376</id><published>2012-02-14T09:38:00.009-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-14T10:37:12.693-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Marie Julie Clary Bonaparte'/><title type='text'>Marie Julie Clary Bonaparte (1771-1845)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2sf6L3l_0vQ/TzqaYnVJkKI/AAAAAAAAZtg/gneRBRpnYBs/s1600/FRANCOIS_CLARY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2sf6L3l_0vQ/TzqaYnVJkKI/AAAAAAAAZtg/gneRBRpnYBs/s1600/FRANCOIS_CLARY.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Julie Clary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Marseille"&gt;Marseille&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_december" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="26 december"&gt;26 december&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1771" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="1771"&gt;1771&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_(stad)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Florence (stad)"&gt;Florence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_april" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="7 april"&gt;7 april&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1845" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="1845"&gt;1845&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;) was de dochter van François Clary, een rijke zijdenhandelaar uit Marseille. Julie kwam via haar zuster&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Désirée Clary"&gt;Désirée Clary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, de latere Koningin Desideria van Zweden en Noorwegen, in contact met&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Jozef Bonaparte"&gt;Jozef Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, de oudere broer van&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Napoleon Bonaparte"&gt;Napoleon Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;. Julie trouwde met Jozef Bonaparte en werd in het Keizerrijk van Napoleon (1804-1813) Hare Keizerlijke Hoogheid Princesse Française en later koningin van&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkrijk_Napels" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Koninkrijk Napels"&gt;Napels&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;en van&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanje"&gt;Spanje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;nadat haar man de troon alhier besteeg om in naam van zijn broer te regeren. Het echtpaar kreeg twee dochters. Julie en Jozef werden, gelijk de hele familie Bonaparte uit Frankrijk verbannen in 1813.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Marie Julie Bonaparte&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;née&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Clary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;; 26 December 1771,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Marseille"&gt;Marseille&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;– 7 April 1845,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Florence"&gt;Florence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;) was&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_consort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Queen consort"&gt;Queen consort&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;of Spain and the Indies,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Naples"&gt;Naples&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Sicily"&gt;Sicily&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;as the spouse of King&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph Bonaparte"&gt;Joseph Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, who was King of Naples and Sicily from January 1806 to June 1808, and later King of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Kingdom of Spain"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the Spanish West Indies from 25 June 1808 to June 1813.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Background" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6Npd06j5jV4/TzqciEnw2hI/AAAAAAAAZto/KmwpyMTnTl8/s1600/ajul.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6Npd06j5jV4/TzqciEnw2hI/AAAAAAAAZto/KmwpyMTnTl8/s400/ajul.jpg" width="323" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Julie Clary was born in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Marseille"&gt;Marseille&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="France"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, the daughter of François Clary (Marseille, St. Ferreol, 24 February 1725 – Marseille, 20 January 1794), a wealthy&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silk"&gt;silk&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manufacturer"&gt;manufacturer&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Merchant"&gt;merchant&lt;/a&gt;, and his second wife (married on 26 June 1759) Françoise Rose Somis (Marseille, St. Ferreol, 30 August 1737 –&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Paris"&gt;Paris&lt;/a&gt;, 28 January 1815).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Her sister&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Désirée Clary"&gt;Désirée Clary&lt;/a&gt;, six years younger than Julie, became Queen of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Union between Sweden and Norway"&gt;Sweden and Norway&lt;/a&gt;(as&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Desideria&lt;/i&gt;) when her husband,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshal_Bernadotte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Marshal Bernadotte"&gt;Marshal Bernadotte&lt;/a&gt;, was crowned King&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden"&gt;Charles XIV John of Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Charles III John of Norway). Her brother Nicholas Joseph Clary was created 1st Comte Clary and married Anne Jeanne Rouyer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;On 1 August 1794, at&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuges-les-Pins" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cuges-les-Pins"&gt;Cuges&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bouches-du-Rhône"&gt;Bouches-du-Rhône&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;department), she married&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph Bonaparte"&gt;Joseph Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;, elder brother of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Napoleon I of France"&gt;Napoléon Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julie_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Queen"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Queen" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Queen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1806, her spouse was made King of Naples, thereby making her Queen of Naples. In 1808, Joseph was made King of Spain and Julie became Queen of Spain. However, she never lived there, preferring&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortefontaine,_Oise" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mortefontaine, Oise"&gt;Mortefontaine&lt;/a&gt;, in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oise" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Oise"&gt;Oise&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;department of France. She was kept informed from&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vichy"&gt;Vichy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Plombières"&gt;Plombières&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;about her husband's adulterous relationships with the Caribbean-Cuban born Dowager Countess of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaruco" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jaruco"&gt;Jaruco&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teresa_de_Montalvo&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Teresa de Montalvo (page does not exist)"&gt;Teresa de Montalvo&lt;/a&gt;, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_del_Pilar_Acedo&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Maria del Pilar Acedo (page does not exist)"&gt;Maria del Pilar Acedo&lt;/a&gt;, Marquesa de&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montehermoso" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Montehermoso"&gt;Montehermoso&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julie_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: After the fall of Napoleon"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;After the fall of Napoleon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;After the defeat of Napoleon's army at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of Vitoria"&gt;Battle of Vitoria&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on 21 June 1813 and the entry of allied troops in Paris in 1814, Julie bought the castle of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prangins" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prangins"&gt;Prangins&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Switzerland"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;, near&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_L%C3%A9man" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lake Léman"&gt;Lake Léman&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;After the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of Waterloo"&gt;Battle of Waterloo&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the second downfall of Napoleon, Joseph bought a property in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_New_York" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="State of New York"&gt;State of New York&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;near the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Delaware" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="River Delaware"&gt;River Delaware&lt;/a&gt;, with the proceeds of the sale of Spanish paintings taken from ransacked Madrid palaces, castles, monasteries and town halls.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1816, her sister Desiree, who was Crown Princess of Sweden, wished to bring Julie with her upon her return to Sweden; her husband, however, thought this unwise, as Julie was a member of the Bonaparte family and her presence might be taken as a sign that he sided with the deposed Napoleon, and in the end, this came to nothing.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Clary#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julie_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Later life"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Later_life" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Later life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 262px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-image: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Julie went with her daughters to&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Frankfurt"&gt;Frankfurt&lt;/a&gt;, where she stayed for six years, separated from her French-American husband. She later settled in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Brussels"&gt;Brussels&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and then in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Florence"&gt;Florence&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Italy"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serristori_Palace&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Serristori Palace (page does not exist)"&gt;Serristori Palace&lt;/a&gt;. She did not socialize with the French people. She was described as charming, quiet, dignified and peaceful and generally well liked. During this period, she parted with her sister Desiree, who, as the Queen of Sweden, moved to Sweden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1840, Joseph joined Julie in Florence. In spite of his adultery, she referred to Joseph as "my beloved husband".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Julie_Clary_as_Queen_Consort_of_Spain.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; clear: right; color: #0b0080; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="274" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Julie_Clary_as_Queen_Consort_of_Spain.svg/260px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Julie_Clary_as_Queen_Consort_of_Spain.svg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="260" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Joseph Bonaparte died in her arms on 28 July 1844 at the age of seventy-six. She died eight months later on 7 April 1845, at the age of seventy-three. They were buried side by side at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Croce,_Florence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence"&gt;Basilica of Santa Croce&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Florence"&gt;Florence&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Seventeen years later, in 1862, the self-proclaimed French Emperor&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_III" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Napoleon III"&gt;Napoleon III&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;brought Joseph Bonaparte's remains back to France and had them inhumed to the right of his younger brother, the Emperor&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Napoleon I"&gt;Napoleon I&lt;/a&gt;. The remains of Julie are still at the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence beside those of her daughter, Charlotte, who died in&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucca" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lucca"&gt;Lucca&lt;/a&gt;, in Italy, on 3 March 1839, at the age of thirty-seven, giving birth to a stillborn child.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection" style="float: right; margin-left: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julie_Clary&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Children"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Children" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Joseph and Julie Bonaparte had three daughters:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Julie Joséphine Bonaparte (1796)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9na%C3%AFde_Laetitia_Julie_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte"&gt;Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1801–1854), had twelve children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Napol%C3%A9one_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte"&gt;Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1802–1839), married in 1826 Napoléon Louis, eldest son of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Louis Bonaparte"&gt;Louis Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;, King of Holland, and&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortense_de_Beauharnais" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hortense de Beauharnais"&gt;Hortense de Beauharnais&lt;/a&gt;, widowed in 1830&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;In 1808, her Joseph was made king in Spain and Julie was technically made Queen of Spain.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ASud8jzhw3o/TzqnHX1vaSI/AAAAAAAAZt4/OemYwFo7rr0/s1600/achat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="245" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ASud8jzhw3o/TzqnHX1vaSI/AAAAAAAAZt4/OemYwFo7rr0/s400/achat.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;Mortefontaine,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"&gt;Propriété de Joseph Bonaparte depuis 1798.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;However, she preferred to live in Mortefontaine, in the Oise department of France.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;After the defeat of the French Napoleonic Army at the Battle of Vitoria, on 21 June 1813 and the entry of allied troops in Paris in 1814, Julie to bought the castle of Prangins in Switzerland, near the Lake Léman.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;The Battle of Waterloo meant the doom for the Corsican born Bonaparte, and Joseph, surnamed Count of Survilliers, bought a property in the State of New York, near the River Delaware with costly Spanish paintings taken from ransacked Madrid &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;palaces, castles, monasteries and town halls "found" along the route back to France.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;Julie went with her daughters to Frankfurt where she stayed for some six years, separated from her French-American husband. She later settled in Brussels and then,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="314" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.nl/maps?q=Lungarno+Serristori,+13+Firenze&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;sll=43.764950,11.263318&amp;amp;cbp=13,135.08,,0,-11.84&amp;amp;cbll=43.765022,11.263058&amp;amp;hl=nl&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Lungarno+Serristori,+13,+50125+Firenze,+Toscana,+Itali%C3%AB&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;panoid=texsKbtZoRvsGX_Po5xexA&amp;amp;ll=43.755675,11.268454&amp;amp;spn=0.019466,0.048237&amp;amp;z=14&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;output=svembed" width="562"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 26px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.nl/maps?q=Lungarno+Serristori,+13+Firenze&amp;amp;layer=c&amp;amp;sll=43.764950,11.263318&amp;amp;cbp=13,135.08,,0,-11.84&amp;amp;cbll=43.765022,11.263058&amp;amp;hl=nl&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Lungarno+Serristori,+13,+50125+Firenze,+Toscana,+Itali%C3%AB&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;panoid=texsKbtZoRvsGX_Po5xexA&amp;amp;ll=43.755675,11.268454&amp;amp;spn=0.019466,0.048237&amp;amp;z=14&amp;amp;source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;"&gt;Grotere kaart weergeven&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.serristoripalace.com/"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;http://www.serristoripalace.com/&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 26px;"&gt;in search of a warm climate, in Florence, Italy, Serristori Palace. She did not socialize with French people. She was described by all sorts of people as a charming, quite, dignified and peaceful and generally well liked. During this period, she parted with her sister Desiree, who as the queen of Sweden moved to Sweden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #515151; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Joseph and Julie Bonaparte had three daughters:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Julie Joséphine Bonaparte (1796-1796)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;a class="greylink1" href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Z%C3%A9na%C3%AFde_Laetitia_Julie_Bonaparte" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1801–1854), had twelve children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;a class="greylink1" href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Charlotte_Napol%C3%A9one_Bonaparte" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1802–1839), married in 1826 Napoléon Louis, eldest son of&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="greylink1" href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Louis_Bonaparte" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Louis Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;, King of Holland, and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="greylink1" href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Hortense_de_Beauharnais" style="border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Hortense de Beauharnais&lt;/a&gt;, widowed in 1830&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2044004985510770376?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2044004985510770376/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/julie-clary-marseille-26-december-1771.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2044004985510770376'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2044004985510770376'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/julie-clary-marseille-26-december-1771.html' title='Marie Julie Clary Bonaparte (1771-1845)'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2sf6L3l_0vQ/TzqaYnVJkKI/AAAAAAAAZtg/gneRBRpnYBs/s72-c/FRANCOIS_CLARY.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6770798053887108699</id><published>2012-02-12T13:50:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-13T10:34:17.613-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Slot Arenenberg'/><title type='text'>Arenenburg</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fGhzJPaOJB8/Tzg0pPgbYsI/AAAAAAAAZsg/kHJPVXdzhzI/s1600/arenburg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fGhzJPaOJB8/Tzg0pPgbYsI/AAAAAAAAZsg/kHJPVXdzhzI/s400/arenburg.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.nl/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=nl&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=Arenenberg,+Schloss,+Salenstein,+Schweiz&amp;amp;aq=1&amp;amp;oq=Arenenberg&amp;amp;sll=52.469397,5.509644&amp;amp;sspn=3.701232,7.064209&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Arenenberg,+Schloss&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;ll=47.671868,9.060298&amp;amp;spn=0.002529,0.00456&amp;amp;z=17&amp;amp;output=embed" width="425"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.nl/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=nl&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=Arenenberg,+Schloss,+Salenstein,+Schweiz&amp;amp;aq=1&amp;amp;oq=Arenenberg&amp;amp;sll=52.469397,5.509644&amp;amp;sspn=3.701232,7.064209&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=&amp;amp;hnear=Arenenberg,+Schloss&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;ll=47.671868,9.060298&amp;amp;spn=0.002529,0.00456&amp;amp;z=17" style="color: blue; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Grotere kaart weergeven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Im Februar 1817 erwirbt Hortense de Beauharnais, die Exkönigin von Holland, das Gut Arenenberg. Sie brachte aus Frankreich nicht nur den exklusiven Geschmack ihrer Familie für Kunstgegenstände und Schlossbauten, sondern auch die Liebe zur Gartenbaukunst mit an den Bodensee.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Im Schloss ihrer Mutter Joséphine, Malmaison, jedoch unabhängig von ihr entwickelte Königin Hortense eine grosse Liebe zur Natur, die sich in der Anlage von verschiedenen Landschaftsparks niederschlug. Lediglich Schloss Malmaison, das grosse Vorbild aller kontinentalen Parkanlagen im englischen Stil, und Schloss Arenenberg, seine verkleinerte Kopie am Bodensee, blieben erhalten. Wie sehr die Königin Gärten liebte, zeigt sich darin, dass sie den Arenenberger Garten plante, bevor sie ihn überhaupt besass.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.3em Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ixarl2Rc-z8/TzlVtXZuFbI/AAAAAAAAZtI/SHTeY6IKzjA/s1600/Parkplan_Schlossgut_Arenenberg.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="280" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ixarl2Rc-z8/TzlVtXZuFbI/AAAAAAAAZtI/SHTeY6IKzjA/s400/Parkplan_Schlossgut_Arenenberg.gif" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.3em Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ixarl2Rc-z8/TzlVtXZuFbI/AAAAAAAAZtI/SHTeY6IKzjA/s1600/Parkplan_Schlossgut_Arenenberg.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.3em Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;Shlosspark&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"&gt;Wer als Gartenbauarchitekt für die Arenenberger Anlage in Frage kommt, lässt sich zum momentanen Zeitpunkt noch ni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"&gt;cht endgültig ermitteln. Es spricht viel dafür, dass sie ihre Vorstellungen durch Louis-Martin Berthault, den grossen Gartenbauer Frankreichs, überarbeiten liess, bevor sie den Plan einige Monate später in die Tat umsetzte. Ab 1834 gestaltet ihr Sohn Louis Napoléon zusammen mit Hermann von Pückler-Muskau den Park um und gibt ihm sein heutiges Aussehen.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.3em Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dass die Besucher des kaiserlichen Hofes am Untersee die Anlage immer wieder beschreiben, versteht sich eigentlich fast von selbst. So finden sich zu Springbrunnen gefasste Quellen, kaiserliche "Lustgrotten", Eremitagen, eine Nachbildung von Napoleons I. Grab, Wiesen, die zum Picknick einladen. Eine eigene Schifflände im Bereich des heutigen Badeplatzes rundet das Bild ab.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.3em Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Die entlang des Untersees vermehrt auftretenden Pappeln deuten ebenfalls auf ein "gartentechnisches Gesamtkunstwerk", auch ausserhalb der eigentlichen Arenenberger Anlage, hin. Wissen wir doch, dass erst Königin Hortense den Baum ca. 1830 hier heimisch machte. Sie beabsichtigte damit, die von ihren Gästen immer wieder hervorgehobene Ähnlichkeit zwischen den Buchten des Untersees und dem Golf von Neapel zu verstärken.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6770798053887108699?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6770798053887108699/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/grotere-kaart-weergeven.html#comment-form' title='1 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6770798053887108699'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6770798053887108699'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/grotere-kaart-weergeven.html' title='Arenenburg'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fGhzJPaOJB8/Tzg0pPgbYsI/AAAAAAAAZsg/kHJPVXdzhzI/s72-c/arenburg.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3199250543661862517</id><published>2012-02-10T07:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-10T07:43:16.081-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Zussen en broers van Napoleon</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Broers en zussen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;In totaal had Napoleon 4 broers en 3 zussen, en er kon gerust gesproken worden over het familiebedrijf Bonaparte, want Napoleon benoemde zijn broers en zussen op verschillende belangrijke posten.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y1Eq-st2mls/TzU3w0hzlmI/AAAAAAAAZow/Dp7XbX2S5No/s1600/ajoz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y1Eq-st2mls/TzU3w0hzlmI/AAAAAAAAZow/Dp7XbX2S5No/s320/ajoz.jpg" width="246" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Jozef Napoleon Bonaparte&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1768 – 1844) was de oudste zoon , en een jaar ouder dan Napoleon. Dankzij hem werd hij benoemd als Koning van Napels (1806 – 1808) en als Koning van Spanje (1808 – 1813). Aanvankelijk verdiende Jozef de kost als advocaat, en hij was een van de leiders van de democratische Fransgezinde partij op Corsica en officier. In 1794 trouwde hij met Julie Clary. Uit dit huwelijk werden drie dochters geboren, van wie de eerstgeborene al stierf op één jarige leeftijd. De andere dochters Zénaïde en Charlotte trouwden respectievelijk met hun neven Karel Lucien (zoon van Lucien Bonaparte) en Napoleon Lodewijk (zoon van Lodewijk Napoleon Bonaparte).&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;Jozef hielp mee om het Franse bestuur op Corsica te organiseren en hij was ook Frans gezant bij de paus. In werd hij 1806 benoemd tot koning van Napels, en ging daar ijverig aan de slag. Hij slaagde er niet in om de invloed van de vorige koning Ferdinand IV te doen afnemen, en Napoleon zou hem in 1808 vervangen door zijn zwager Joachim Murat. Jozef werd koning van Spanje, maar dat werd geen succes want hij was niet opgewassen tegen de volksopstand, en was geen krachtdadige leider.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xn_hUBF62i4/TzU4BYqeVHI/AAAAAAAAZo4/XlLrBfVDkBQ/s1600/aluc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xn_hUBF62i4/TzU4BYqeVHI/AAAAAAAAZo4/XlLrBfVDkBQ/s320/aluc.jpg" width="245" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Lucien Bonaparte&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1775-1840) werd aangesteld als Frans gezant in Madrid, en hij had dikwijls conflicten met Napoleon vanwege zijn te eigenmachtige optreden. Na onenigheid met zijn ‘grote’ broer, trok Lucien zich terug op zijn Italiaanse landerijen. Bij zijn vertrek in 1810 naar Amerika werd Lucien door de Engelsen gevangengenomen en na zijn vrijlating keerde hij in 1814 terug naar Rome. Daar werd hij door Paus Pius VII tot prins van Canino en Musignano verheven. Ondanks de conflicten, steunde Lucien zijn broer Napoleon in 1815 bij zijn vlucht van Elba naar Frankrijk en bemiddelde tevergeefs tussen Oostenrijk en Frankrijk. Uiteindelijk bracht Lucien de rest van zijn leven door in Italië en schreef proza en poëzie. Lucien trouwde twee keer. Uit zijn eerste huwelijk met Christine Boyer werden vier kinderen geboren en uit zijn tweede huwelijk met Alexandrine de Bleschamps werden 10 kinderen geboren.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KSBdsZXJaFs/TzU4RMTnMnI/AAAAAAAAZpA/Vw6LqHfFYYM/s1600/alodewijk_napoleon_het_loo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KSBdsZXJaFs/TzU4RMTnMnI/AAAAAAAAZpA/Vw6LqHfFYYM/s320/alodewijk_napoleon_het_loo.jpg" width="232" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Lodewijk Napoleon Bonaparte&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1778 – 1846) was naast Napoleon wellicht de meest bekende Bonaparte. Van 1806 tot 1810 was hij Koning van het Koninkrijk Holland, en hij had dikwijls conflicten met zijn broer vanwege zijn te eigenmachtige optreden. Hij werd ook wel ‘De lamme Koning’ en ‘Lodewijk de Goede’ genoemd. Uit zijn huwelijk met Hortense de Beauharnais werden drie zoons geboren, waarvan de oudste op zeer jonge leeftijd overleed.&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pZQnyEIkEkg/TzU6lHVMhZI/AAAAAAAAZpY/BJfL0vsiw8I/s1600/aerome-bonaparte.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pZQnyEIkEkg/TzU6lHVMhZI/AAAAAAAAZpY/BJfL0vsiw8I/s320/aerome-bonaparte.jpg" width="208" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Jerôme Bonaparte (1784-1860) was de jongste broer. Van 1807 tot 1813 was hij, na een carrière bij de marine, Koning van Westfalen en hij had als bijnaam König Lustig.&amp;nbsp; Zijn bijnaam dankte hij aan de enige Duitse woorden die hij kende: Morgen wieder lustig. Hij hield van een uitbundige en verkwistende levensstijl en bekommerde zich niet bepaald om zijn bevolking. Uit zijn huwelijk met Elizabeth Patterson, van wie hij op bevel van Napoleon scheidde,&amp;nbsp; werd een zoon geboren. In 1807 hertrouwde Jerôme met prinses Catharina van Württemberg werden drie kinderen geboren. In 1848 werd zijn neef Lodewijk Napoleon (Napoleon III) gekozen tot president, en Jerôme werd aangesteld als gouverneur van de Invalides en maarschalk van Frankrijk. Bij de troonsbestijging van Napoleon III werd hij erkend als Frans prins van den bloede en mogelijke troonopvolger, en werd hij aangesteld als president van de senaat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L-H-UU0bvHk/TzU2TZavrTI/AAAAAAAAZog/xzwGDOMLulM/s1600/elisa_bonaparte_par_prudhon-.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L-H-UU0bvHk/TzU2TZavrTI/AAAAAAAAZog/xzwGDOMLulM/s400/elisa_bonaparte_par_prudhon-.jpg" width="292" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Maria Anna ‘Elisa’ Bonaparte&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1777-1820) stond bekend om haar scherpe tong en dat maakte haar niet bepaald geliefd bij broer Napoleon. Ook het steunen van het overlopen van zwager Joachim Murat naar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Oostenrijk deed de broer en zus relatie geen goed. Zij trouwde in 1797 met de Corsicaanse prins Felix Bacciocchi. Uit het huwelijk werden vier kinderen geboren. In 1805 werd zij als vorstin aangesteld van Piombino en Lucca, en in 1807 als grootvorstin van Toscane. Zij gold als een intelligente en bekwame vrouw.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2z4acihM0P8/TzU3BSRMVHI/AAAAAAAAZoo/6prPNupKQdU/s1600/carolina_bonapartemura.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2z4acihM0P8/TzU3BSRMVHI/AAAAAAAAZoo/6prPNupKQdU/s400/carolina_bonapartemura.jpg" width="316" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Maria Annunciata ‘Carolina’ Bonaparte&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1782 – 1839)&amp;nbsp; had verschillende titels: Princesse Française, Pinses Murat, Groothertogin van Berg, Koningin van Napels en Gravin de Lipona. Ze trouwde met Joachim Murat, die benoemd werd tot keizerlijk luitenant in Spanje, gouverneur van Parijs, maarschalk van Frankrijk, groothertog van Berg en Kleef en tenslotte Koning van Napels. Carolina gold als ambitieus en intrigerend. Uit dit huwelijk werden vier kinderen geboren. Aanvankelijk stemde Napoleon niet toe met haar huwelijk met Murat, maar dankzij Joséphine de Beauharnais kreeg Carolina toch toestemming om met hem te trouwen. Een van haar directe nakomelingen is de Amerikaanse acteur René Auberjonois.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Schone schijn&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;Het leek allemaal zo mooi om eigen familieleden aan te stellen op belangrijke posten, maar de werkelijkheid was wel zeer weerbarstig. De familieleden van Napoleon blonken niet altijd uit in de juiste capaciteiten en gingen dikwijls hun eigen gang. Op Sint Helena betitelde Napoleon zijn familieleden schamper als ‘dieven, domkoppen en hoeren’, wat allesbehalve vleiend was, en ook niet helemaal terecht.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Enkele huidige nazaten&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: left;"&gt;Hoewel vele nazaten van de familie Bonaparte in de loop der tijd op betrekkelijk jonge leeftijd en kinderloos stierven, heeft de familie nog steeds nazaten.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RAB1jhqhf7A/TzU408j8KYI/AAAAAAAAZpI/dbVuBEtsp1M/s1600/aai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RAB1jhqhf7A/TzU408j8KYI/AAAAAAAAZpI/dbVuBEtsp1M/s200/aai.jpg" width="171" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;De Amerikaanse acteur René Murat Auberjonois (1940) Hij is een van de directe nakomelingen van Carolina Bonaparte, een van de zussen van Napoleon. Hij werd bekend als ‘Father Mulcahy’ in de verfilming van MASH en werkte mee aan televisieseries en films zoals Star Trek, Boston Legal en The Patriot.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nL-ZZEb3idI/TzU5MCulGpI/AAAAAAAAZpQ/EnIRT9fpKN0/s1600/acharles_joseph_bonaparte.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nL-ZZEb3idI/TzU5MCulGpI/AAAAAAAAZpQ/EnIRT9fpKN0/s200/acharles_joseph_bonaparte.jpg" width="142" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851-1921) was een Amerikaans advocaat en de oprichter van de FBI. Hij was een kleinzoon van Jerôme Bonaparte, broer van Napoleon. Ook was hij zeer actief in de politiek. In 1905 werd hij door president Theodore Roosevelt benoemd als secretaris van de marine in het kabinet. Verder was hij een de hoofdverantwoordelijken voor het beëindigen van het tabaksmonopolie, en in 1908 richtte hij het Bureau of Investigation (BOI), de latere FBI. Uit zijn huwelijk met Ellen Channing werden geen kinderen geboren.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zPsb1T-40-4/TzU7Ccvm8FI/AAAAAAAAZpg/bCUVUNO6KY4/s1600/apr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="168" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zPsb1T-40-4/TzU7Ccvm8FI/AAAAAAAAZpg/bCUVUNO6KY4/s320/apr.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;Prins Charles Napoléon (1950) Wethouder van Ajaccio op Corsica&lt;br style="margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /&gt;Behalve directe erfgenaam van Napoleon Bonaparte, is Charles Napoléon wethouder voor economische ontwikkelingen en toerisme. Hij is een directe nazaat van Napoleon’ s broer Jerôme, die zijn betoudovergrootvader was. De vader van Charles heette Lodewijk Napoleon. Charles Napoléon werd geboren in Frankrijk, en hij heeft een tweelingzus Catharina, een jongere zus Laure en broer Jerôme. In parijs studeerde Charles economie en hij had een eigen bedrijf. Ondanks zijn afkomst heeft Charles Napoléon geen enkele ambitie om troonopvolger te worden, en is hij een republikein.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.robert-temple.com/family/related_to_boneparte2.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;robert-temple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-3199250543661862517?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/3199250543661862517/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/broers-en-zussen-in-totaal-had-napoleon.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3199250543661862517'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3199250543661862517'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/broers-en-zussen-in-totaal-had-napoleon.html' title='Zussen en broers van Napoleon'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y1Eq-st2mls/TzU3w0hzlmI/AAAAAAAAZow/Dp7XbX2S5No/s72-c/ajoz.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7612386260659529366</id><published>2012-02-09T12:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-09T12:53:06.552-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pauline Borghese'/><title type='text'>Hôtel Charost</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WxH2bOZ53Hs/TzQuM8qUhuI/AAAAAAAAZnc/zro0HvrNBeg/s1600/ahot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WxH2bOZ53Hs/TzQuM8qUhuI/AAAAAAAAZnc/zro0HvrNBeg/s400/ahot.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #eae2e6; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Le duc de Charost fit construire cet hôtel en 1722 par l'architecte Antoine Mazin qui venait de finir l'hôtel de Matignon. Resté inhabité pendant la Révolution, il fut vendu en 1803 par la veuve du cinquième duc à Pauline Leclerc, veuve elle aussi, soeur préférée de Napoléon Bonaparte. Pendant les onze années durant lesquelles elle en fut propriétaire, elle fit faire de grands travaux. Aujourd'hui encore, la résidence peut se vanter d'une belle collection de mobilier Empire datant de cette période.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.histoiredumonde.net/Bonaparte-Marie-Paulette-dite.html"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;histoiredumonde.net/Bonaparte-Marie-Paulette&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: #eae2e6; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T1ecf3KN8DE/TzQutt5f6lI/AAAAAAAAZnk/WFUXtTX2L38/s1600/ahott.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="343" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T1ecf3KN8DE/TzQutt5f6lI/AAAAAAAAZnk/WFUXtTX2L38/s400/ahott.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;Le Premier Consul chercha vite un nouveau mari et le trouva en la personne de Camille Borghèse. C’est un prince romain possédant un riche palais, de vastes domaines et une belle rente. Après le mariage en 1803 à Mortefontaine dans la propriété de Joseph, Napoléon acheta la collection d’art des Borghèse qu’il destina au musée du Louvre.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="spip_surligne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #cfe2f3; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; line-height: 22px;"&gt;Paulin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="spip_surligne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #9fc5e8; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; line-height: 22px;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;se lassa vite de Rome et s’en vint habiter le château de Neuilly, où elle tint une espèce de cour, tandis que Camille Borghèse partait pour l’armée dans la Garde consulaire. En 1804,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="spip_surligne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #cfe2f3; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; line-height: 22px;"&gt;Pauline&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;a la douleur de perdre son jeune fils Dermid qui avait toujours été de constitution faible. Mais quelques mois plus tard, princesse Borghèse, elle assiste au couronnement. Elle habite alors faubourg Saint-Honoré dans cet hôtel&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="spip_surligne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #cfe2f3; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; line-height: 22px;"&gt;Charost&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(devenue ensuite l’ambassade britannique).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: #eae2e6; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ckUM3w9xl20/TzQsxcjk-dI/AAAAAAAAZnU/icjCv76ko_c/s1600/apula.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ckUM3w9xl20/TzQsxcjk-dI/AAAAAAAAZnU/icjCv76ko_c/s640/apula.jpg" width="488" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Hotel+de+Charost"&gt;Hotel+de+Charost&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.nl/maps?q=l'H%C3%B4tel+de+Charost+pauline+bonaparte&amp;amp;sll=48.869324,2.319561&amp;amp;cid=16605516076587458447&amp;amp;hl=nl&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=l'H%C3%B4tel+de+Charost+pauline+bonaparte&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;ll=48.869909,2.319961&amp;amp;spn=0.006295,0.006295&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;output=embed" width="425"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.nl/maps?q=l'H%C3%B4tel+de+Charost+pauline+bonaparte&amp;amp;sll=48.869324,2.319561&amp;amp;cid=16605516076587458447&amp;amp;hl=nl&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=l'H%C3%B4tel+de+Charost+pauline+bonaparte&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;ll=48.869909,2.319961&amp;amp;spn=0.006295,0.006295&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;"&gt;Grotere kaart weergeven&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wsw8-afRhog/TzQxuyoIEqI/AAAAAAAAZns/ZDq-twkIqoE/s1600/achaa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wsw8-afRhog/TzQxuyoIEqI/AAAAAAAAZns/ZDq-twkIqoE/s640/achaa.jpg" width="524" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://leblogdesovena.com/le-vieux-paris-deugene-atget/"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;leblogdesovena/le-vieux-paris-deugene-atget/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7612386260659529366?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7612386260659529366/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7612386260659529366'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7612386260659529366'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post.html' title='Hôtel Charost'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WxH2bOZ53Hs/TzQuM8qUhuI/AAAAAAAAZnc/zro0HvrNBeg/s72-c/ahot.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4957683865934756938</id><published>2012-02-08T05:05:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-08T05:41:17.365-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pauline Borghese'/><title type='text'>Chateau de Montgobert. House of Pauline Leclerc</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VAC-uaKfRPc/TzJ2PqsLj1I/AAAAAAAAZks/G0hQmoVxp5E/s1600/chateau-de-montgobert-vue-aerienne.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="427" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VAC-uaKfRPc/TzJ2PqsLj1I/AAAAAAAAZks/G0hQmoVxp5E/s640/chateau-de-montgobert-vue-aerienne.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;The&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Château de Montgobert&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;in the midst of the Forest of Retz, near&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soissons" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Soissons"&gt;Soissons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgobert" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Montgobert"&gt;Montgobert&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Aisne"&gt;Aisne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardy" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Picardy"&gt;Picardy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Neoclassical architecture"&gt;neoclassical&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;French&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Château"&gt;château&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;that was built for Antoine Pierre Desplasses between 1768-1775 on the site of an ancient seigneurie.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Montgobert#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aOo3nc0eRSY/TzJy-pZpXWI/AAAAAAAAZkI/7K9GoUgd3hA/s1600/apa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aOo3nc0eRSY/TzJy-pZpXWI/AAAAAAAAZkI/7K9GoUgd3hA/s400/apa.jpg" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The château, which has the air of an English&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladian" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Palladian"&gt;Palladian&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;house, with four Ionic columns under an arced pediment, raised upon a high&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rustication (architecture)"&gt;rusticated basement&lt;/a&gt;, was owned by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Bonaparte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pauline Bonaparte"&gt;Pauline Bonaparte&lt;/a&gt;, Napoleon's sister&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;and wife of General&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Leclerc" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Charles Leclerc"&gt;Charles Leclerc&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;who employed&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois-L%C3%A9onard_Fontaine" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine"&gt;Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;to raise the house by adding an attic story&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1em;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Montgobert#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;about 1798 and transformed the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parterre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Parterre"&gt;parterre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;into a terrace overlooking the park, which was re-landscaped in the naturalistic fashion,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white;"&gt;à l'anglaise&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;, with meadows and clumps of trees and specimens against a background of woodland.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;The outbuildings were constructed before 1831, when they appear on an estate map. The pair of entrance pavilions date after 1835. In the early twentieth century the office of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achille_Duch%C3%AAne" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Achille Duchêne"&gt;Achille Duchêne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;reorganized the grand terrace: a semi-circular&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parterre" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Parterre"&gt;parterre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;was flanked by terraces connected by stairs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KoPvBr3lIzY/TzJ0aw5xybI/AAAAAAAAZkQ/0sUyz6kadX0/s1600/ado.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KoPvBr3lIzY/TzJ0aw5xybI/AAAAAAAAZkQ/0sUyz6kadX0/s400/ado.jpg" width="296" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8uVeHVS28uI/TzJ1Xnkkb1I/AAAAAAAAZkk/C6D68d24VD4/s1600/chateau-de-montgobert-cheminee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="267" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8uVeHVS28uI/TzJ1Xnkkb1I/AAAAAAAAZkk/C6D68d24VD4/s400/chateau-de-montgobert-cheminee.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.nl/maps?hl=nl&amp;amp;q=Chateau+de+Montgobert&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=Chateau+de+Montgobert&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;radius=15000&amp;amp;ll=49.309316,3.146551&amp;amp;spn=3.720108,7.064209&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=7&amp;amp;iwloc=A&amp;amp;cid=7502716144721571220&amp;amp;output=embed" width="425"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.nl/maps?hl=nl&amp;amp;q=Chateau+de+Montgobert&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=Chateau+de+Montgobert&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;radius=15000&amp;amp;ll=49.309316,3.146551&amp;amp;spn=3.720108,7.064209&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=7&amp;amp;iwloc=A&amp;amp;cid=7502716144721571220&amp;amp;source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;"&gt;Grotere kaart weergeven&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4957683865934756938?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4957683865934756938/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/chateau-de-montgobert.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4957683865934756938'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4957683865934756938'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/chateau-de-montgobert.html' title='Chateau de Montgobert. House of Pauline Leclerc'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VAC-uaKfRPc/TzJ2PqsLj1I/AAAAAAAAZks/G0hQmoVxp5E/s72-c/chateau-de-montgobert-vue-aerienne.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6402613830955211831</id><published>2012-02-07T07:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-07T07:49:52.982-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pauline Borghese'/><title type='text'>"I did not love the Emperor as a sovereign; I loved him as my brother, and I shall remain faithful to him until death."</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div id="abw" style="background-attachment: initial; 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border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 984px;"&gt;&lt;div id="abb" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div class="clear" id="abm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div id="abc" style="font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: -342px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 954px;"&gt;&lt;div id="articlebody" style="font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 357px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="background-color: initial; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PZlMEb7ImJM/TzFGEt2I-7I/AAAAAAAAZiI/K4xVDU6H2S4/s1600/avenere-vincitrice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PZlMEb7ImJM/TzFGEt2I-7I/AAAAAAAAZiI/K4xVDU6H2S4/s400/avenere-vincitrice.jpg" width="252" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="background-color: initial; 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position: static; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="abw" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 50%; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 984px;"&gt;&lt;div id="abb" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div class="clear" id="abm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div id="abc" style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: -342px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 954px;"&gt;&lt;div id="articlebody" style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 357px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"&gt;(Sc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"&gt;ulpture by Antonio Canova)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;As such, and thanks to the prestige of her family name and powerful&amp;nbsp;connections,&amp;nbsp;Marie-Pauline Bonaparte&amp;nbsp;was painted and sculpted by the foremost artists of&amp;nbsp;the age. She shocked conventional society by her love affairs - and for posing&amp;nbsp;nearly nude for Canova's celebrated sculpture,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Venus Victrix&lt;/em&gt;, a&amp;nbsp;work that has been replicated ad nauseum&amp;nbsp;since its completion in 1808.&amp;nbsp;A memoirist,&amp;nbsp;the Duchesse d'Abrantes, whose husband fell madly in love with Pauline and was unable to resist her charms, wrote of her, "&lt;em&gt;It is impossible to form any correct idea of the beauty of Paulette from her pictures&lt;/em&gt;."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;(Quote: Bingham, D.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The Marriages of the Bonapartes, Vol. 2,&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;1881: 227)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;But for all her scandals, she was fiercely loyal&amp;nbsp;to her brother,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt; Napoleon I, if not to her husbands. She was witness to Napoleon's unstoppable victories,&amp;nbsp;sharing&amp;nbsp;the moments of his triumphs; but&amp;nbsp;when his fortunes changed and her brother fell from&amp;nbsp;power and&amp;nbsp;was exiled to Elba, she was&amp;nbsp;the only one of his siblings (on&amp;nbsp;whom, as emperor,&amp;nbsp;he bestowed&amp;nbsp;so many titles and thrones)&amp;nbsp;to follow him there. Even after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, when he was&amp;nbsp;stripped of his&amp;nbsp;titles and reduced to a mere mortal,&amp;nbsp;she begged to be allowed to join him on Saint Helena's&amp;nbsp;in order&amp;nbsp;to share in his exile. Her fidelity was unswerving and concrete-firm. So it is not surprising that, of his three sisters,&amp;nbsp;Marie-Pauline was Napoleon's favourite.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="abw" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 50%; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 984px;"&gt;&lt;div id="abb" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; background-attachment: initial; 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text-decoration: inherit; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div id="abc" style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: -342px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 954px;"&gt;&lt;div id="articlebody" style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 357px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div id="abw" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 50%; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 984px;"&gt;&lt;div id="abb" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.226563) 0px 10px 15px; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div class="clear" id="abm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div id="abc" style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: -342px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; width: 954px;"&gt;&lt;div id="articlebody" style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 357px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: initial; display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div style="display: inline !important;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Read more&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://thecoincidentaldandy.blogspot.com/2011/03/wayward-venus-life-of-marie-pauline.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;the coincidental dandy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6402613830955211831?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6402613830955211831/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/i-did-not-love-emperor-as-sovereign-i.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6402613830955211831'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6402613830955211831'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/i-did-not-love-emperor-as-sovereign-i.html' title='&quot;I did not love the Emperor as a sovereign; I loved him as my brother, and I shall remain faithful to him until death.&quot;'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PZlMEb7ImJM/TzFGEt2I-7I/AAAAAAAAZiI/K4xVDU6H2S4/s72-c/avenere-vincitrice.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4347161219980528732</id><published>2012-02-06T12:51:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-09T12:40:35.367-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pauline Borghese'/><title type='text'>Pauline Borghese</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kZcV4GYdv8Y/TzA-iuShfhI/AAAAAAAAZhw/jhLCRfjCWM4/s1600/apauline.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kZcV4GYdv8Y/TzA-iuShfhI/AAAAAAAAZhw/jhLCRfjCWM4/s400/apauline.jpg" width="338" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Beautiful and immoral, Napoleon's sister, Pauline broke hearts all over Europe. It was said of her that she and Napoleon were both going to conquer Europe, but Pauline was going to do it one man at a time! There are many legends about the behavior of this scandalous woman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Napoleon found his flirtatious young sister difficult to control and managed to marry her to the much older General Leclerc, who was the opposite of Pauline.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-style: inherit;"&gt;Wealthy, serious and sickly, he was in charge of the French expedition to put down a black rebellion in Haiti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OkBNNJgI_V8/TzJ6YkxChWI/AAAAAAAAZk8/DjQaC65bmy0/s1600/acha.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OkBNNJgI_V8/TzJ6YkxChWI/AAAAAAAAZk8/DjQaC65bmy0/s400/acha.jpg" width="256" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 17px;"&gt;Charles Leclerc by&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Kinson" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" title="François-Joseph Kinson"&gt;François-Joseph Kinson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 17px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1771–1839)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;Read more:&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lifeinitaly.com/heroes-villains/pauline.asp"&gt;life in italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MBCAqcZxiuY/TzA_Iqm69dI/AAAAAAAAZh4/HkKwFMdcntY/s1600/paulineborghese-lefevre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MBCAqcZxiuY/TzA_Iqm69dI/AAAAAAAAZh4/HkKwFMdcntY/s400/paulineborghese-lefevre.jpg" width="351" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2oU4VicxZKM/TzA_RzqOIZI/AAAAAAAAZiA/aaOYG3tdn3w/s1600/camee-silence2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="383" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2oU4VicxZKM/TzA_RzqOIZI/AAAAAAAAZiA/aaOYG3tdn3w/s400/camee-silence2.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://inmf.org/bothuridiademesilence.htm"&gt;bothuridiademesilence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.andreversailleediteur.com/upload/args/pbonaparteconsult.pdf"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;p bonaparte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="disqus_thread" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; 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color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul class="dsq-like-faces dsq-clearfix" style="background-color: #ebeff2; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, sans-serif; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4347161219980528732?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4347161219980528732/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/beautiful-and-immoral-napoleons-sister.html#comment-form' title='1 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4347161219980528732'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4347161219980528732'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/beautiful-and-immoral-napoleons-sister.html' title='Pauline Borghese'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kZcV4GYdv8Y/TzA-iuShfhI/AAAAAAAAZhw/jhLCRfjCWM4/s72-c/apauline.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6105089040568264148</id><published>2012-02-05T11:11:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:12:14.543-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jewelry'/><title type='text'>Vase fuseau avec le "portrait de l'impératrice Joséphine". Sèvres (1813 – Malmaison</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jB-5QZHJgkk/Ty7TGhXsLFI/AAAAAAAAZe4/nSVBtRsWuUs/s1600/josephine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jB-5QZHJgkk/Ty7TGhXsLFI/AAAAAAAAZe4/nSVBtRsWuUs/s320/josephine.jpg" width="288" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;Paire de boucles d'oreilles de la parure de perles de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;Joséphine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Louvre)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i3mCag5o5no/Ty7TiIcffBI/AAAAAAAAZfA/0UWjPjHKrXk/s1600/hortense-arenenberg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i3mCag5o5no/Ty7TiIcffBI/AAAAAAAAZfA/0UWjPjHKrXk/s400/hortense-arenenberg.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;Parure d'opales de la reine&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;Hortense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Château d'Arenenberg, musée Napoléon)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uR1qCoXxaxs/Ty7T6_78b1I/AAAAAAAAZfI/A_dlompWQdU/s1600/josephine-malmaison+copie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uR1qCoXxaxs/Ty7T6_78b1I/AAAAAAAAZfI/A_dlompWQdU/s640/josephine-malmaison+copie.jpg" width="416" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;Vase fuseau avec le "portrait de l'impératrice Joséphine". Sèvres (1813 – Malmaison&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #474b4e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://notesdemusees.blogspot.com/2011/09/7-arts-decoratifs-premier-empire.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;notes de musees&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6105089040568264148?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6105089040568264148/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/vase-fuseau-avec-le-portrait-de.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6105089040568264148'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6105089040568264148'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/vase-fuseau-avec-le-portrait-de.html' title='Vase fuseau avec le &quot;portrait de l&apos;impératrice Joséphine&quot;. Sèvres (1813 – Malmaison'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jB-5QZHJgkk/Ty7TGhXsLFI/AAAAAAAAZe4/nSVBtRsWuUs/s72-c/josephine.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1058727595805732693</id><published>2012-02-04T08:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:28:54.289-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Marie Antoinette. houses'/><title type='text'>House and billiard room of Marie Antoinette</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5N4pwwd2MZg/Ty1hsmf54RI/AAAAAAAAZcs/juyLQy6V7kM/s1600/ama.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5N4pwwd2MZg/Ty1hsmf54RI/AAAAAAAAZcs/juyLQy6V7kM/s640/ama.jpg" width="452" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://andrewhopkinsart.blogspot.com/2012/01/hameau-de-la-reine-part-2.html"&gt;Andrew Hopkinsart/hameau-de-la-reine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nTYF3DrYQBc/Ty1iDjMw7LI/AAAAAAAAZc0/IMAoUlDcOA0/s1600/ama1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nTYF3DrYQBc/Ty1iDjMw7LI/AAAAAAAAZc0/IMAoUlDcOA0/s400/ama1.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;The Queen's house and billiard room&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;is located in the centre of the hamlet. Consisting of two floors, the upper level comprises the petit salon, also known as the "room of the nobles", an anteroom in the form of a "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinoiserie#Interior_decoration" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Chinoiserie"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Chinese cabinet&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;" and the large living room with wood paneling hung with tapestries of Swiss style in embroidered wool. From the room's six windows, the Queen could easily control the work fields and activity of the hamlet. Access is via the staircase of the round tower. At the center of the room is a harpsichord which Marie Antoinette loved to play. On the ground floor, paved with single slabs of stone, the building includes a backgammon room and a dining room. The lyre-backed chairs in mahogany lined with green morocco, were created by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Jacob" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Georges Jacob"&gt;Georges Jacob&lt;/a&gt;. To the left, another building housing the billiard room is connected to the Queen's house by a wooden gallery decorated with trellises and twelve hundred St. Clement&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faience#French_and_northern_European_fa.C3.AFence" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Faience"&gt;&lt;b&gt;faience&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pots, marked in the blue figures of the Queen. Upstairs, a small apartment which seems to have been inhabited by the architect Richard Mique, has five rooms including a library. Despite the rustic appearance of facades, the interior finish and furnishings are luxurious and have been created by the carpenter Georges Jacob and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Ébéniste"&gt;ébéniste&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Henri_Riesener" style="text-decoration: none;" title="Jean-Henri Riesener"&gt;Jean-Henri Riesener&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: white;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1058727595805732693?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1058727595805732693/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/house-and-billiard-room-of-marie.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1058727595805732693'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1058727595805732693'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/02/house-and-billiard-room-of-marie.html' title='House and billiard room of Marie Antoinette'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5N4pwwd2MZg/Ty1hsmf54RI/AAAAAAAAZcs/juyLQy6V7kM/s72-c/ama.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-5132828804029276680</id><published>2012-01-07T06:24:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-06T13:02:31.599-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>Napoléon, invité du Chorus du 5 au 15 avril</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8ZOEd1xZGz8/TwhVczZ4eXI/AAAAAAAAZBc/30S8Tpr-X2Y/s1600/anap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8ZOEd1xZGz8/TwhVczZ4eXI/AAAAAAAAZBc/30S8Tpr-X2Y/s400/anap.jpg" width="298" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="chapeau" style="margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Les visiteurs pourront partir à la découverte de cette figure de l'histoire de France. 450 pièces et gravures seront présentées.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify;"&gt;«&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify;"&gt;En partenariat avec la société Horus France, nous présenterons&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify;"&gt;plus de 450 pièces et gravures, pour bon nombre originales. Toutes seront commentées. La mise en scène sera chronologique.&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cette exposition n'a encore jamais été montrée en France.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify;"&gt;«&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="text-align: justify;"&gt;La première aura donc lieu au parc Chorus. C'est une énorme satisfaction pour nous&amp;nbsp;»,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;se réjouit Josiane Périon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-5132828804029276680?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/5132828804029276680/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/napoleon-invite-du-chorus-du-5-au-15.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5132828804029276680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5132828804029276680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/napoleon-invite-du-chorus-du-5-au-15.html' title='Napoléon, invité du Chorus du 5 au 15 avril'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8ZOEd1xZGz8/TwhVczZ4eXI/AAAAAAAAZBc/30S8Tpr-X2Y/s72-c/anap.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-5833776711512615277</id><published>2012-01-07T06:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:51:58.301-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Désirée'/><title type='text'>Exposition : l’empereur, le tsar et le roi</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eF-XVv2Dd5I/TwhUecKmtUI/AAAAAAAAZBU/9nzh3g1dqYw/s1600/ades.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="197" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eF-XVv2Dd5I/TwhUecKmtUI/AAAAAAAAZBU/9nzh3g1dqYw/s400/ades.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;"&gt;Une double exposition traite des relations entre Napoléon 1er, le tsar Alexandre et ce maréchal français devenu l’hériter des Vasa de Suède, Bernadotte.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/culture/20111219.OBS7125/exposition-l-empereur-le-tsar-et-le-roi.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/cultureexposition-l-empereur-le-tsar-et-le-roi.html&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-5833776711512615277?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/5833776711512615277/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/exposition-lempereur-le-tsar-et-le-roi.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5833776711512615277'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5833776711512615277'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/exposition-lempereur-le-tsar-et-le-roi.html' title='Exposition : l’empereur, le tsar et le roi'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eF-XVv2Dd5I/TwhUecKmtUI/AAAAAAAAZBU/9nzh3g1dqYw/s72-c/ades.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8731746097145297052</id><published>2012-01-01T13:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:45:42.987-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Christmas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='interiors'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ph1WcyymMFQ/TwDUALPNfRI/AAAAAAAAY5E/E0dRikP7rYA/s1600/70991951.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="296" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ph1WcyymMFQ/TwDUALPNfRI/AAAAAAAAY5E/E0dRikP7rYA/s400/70991951.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oNnJ_oO-SIo/TwDULANZHVI/AAAAAAAAY5s/haGsOflKv7c/s1600/70992103.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="382" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oNnJ_oO-SIo/TwDULANZHVI/AAAAAAAAY5s/haGsOflKv7c/s400/70992103.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yPpWvWXH-hE/TwDUN1gfU9I/AAAAAAAAY54/SAIFYHSXxfo/s1600/70992328.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="296" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yPpWvWXH-hE/TwDUN1gfU9I/AAAAAAAAY54/SAIFYHSXxfo/s400/70992328.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-33KXRujVsdM/TwDURKL0ODI/AAAAAAAAY6E/BpSrxUP0NRQ/s1600/70992564.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="296" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-33KXRujVsdM/TwDURKL0ODI/AAAAAAAAY6E/BpSrxUP0NRQ/s400/70992564.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 27px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336666;"&gt;Nichée dans le vieux village champenois de Sézanne, cette demeure bien née ne manque pas de personnalité ! Elle a été habitée par la marquise Marie-Françoise de Beauharnais (dont le beau-frère épousa Joséphine, future impératrice)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://atmospheredemeur.canalblog.com/archives/2011/12/18/22956543.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;atmosphere demeur&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8731746097145297052?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8731746097145297052/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/nichee-dans-le-vieux-village-champenois.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8731746097145297052'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8731746097145297052'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/nichee-dans-le-vieux-village-champenois.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ph1WcyymMFQ/TwDUALPNfRI/AAAAAAAAY5E/E0dRikP7rYA/s72-c/70991951.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6423376835968651879</id><published>2012-01-01T13:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:41:38.280-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Atmosphère très XVIIIe à Noël... - Atmosphère Demeure - Le Blog</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://atmospheredemeur.canalblog.com/archives/2011/12/18/22956543.html#.TwDTJX1kfD0.blogger"&gt;Atmosphère très XVIIIe à Noël... - Atmosphère Demeure - Le Blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6423376835968651879?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6423376835968651879/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/atmosphere-tres-xviiie-noel-atmosphere.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6423376835968651879'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6423376835968651879'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2012/01/atmosphere-tres-xviiie-noel-atmosphere.html' title='Atmosphère très XVIIIe à Noël... - Atmosphère Demeure - Le Blog'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2164929709952127144</id><published>2011-08-20T15:18:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T12:44:13.943-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lucien Bonaparte'/><title type='text'>Lucien Bonaparte</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #c0a154; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pPCvv8CJmlw/TlA0RiwAOeI/AAAAAAAAXfo/wr9zn5aIkGg/s1600/portrait_lucien_bonaparte_177__hi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pPCvv8CJmlw/TlA0RiwAOeI/AAAAAAAAXfo/wr9zn5aIkGg/s400/portrait_lucien_bonaparte_177__hi.jpg" width="296" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"&gt;Th&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"&gt;en along comes a book about Lucien Bonaparte.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;A fascinating book.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp; All I can say at this point is&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;"had I read this book first this blog might have been named my Lucien Bonaparte Obsession."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"&gt;"Of all my siblings, he was the most gifted, the one who hurt me most."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-large;"&gt;-Napoleon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://mynapoleonobsession.blogspot.com/2011/07/post-about-fabulous-new-book-napoleon.html"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;m&lt;b&gt;y Napoleon obsession.post-about-fabulous-new-book-napoleon.html&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2164929709952127144?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2164929709952127144/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/08/m-y-napoleon-obsession.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2164929709952127144'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2164929709952127144'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/08/m-y-napoleon-obsession.html' title='Lucien Bonaparte'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pPCvv8CJmlw/TlA0RiwAOeI/AAAAAAAAXfo/wr9zn5aIkGg/s72-c/portrait_lucien_bonaparte_177__hi.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-5705490814985218129</id><published>2011-05-28T13:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-28T13:47:54.317-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Opening up vistas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://kashmirlife.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=1644%3Aopening-up-vistas&amp;amp;catid=56%3Aspecial-supplements-&amp;amp;Itemid=198"&gt;Opening up vistas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Yl8w-F2xg_8/TeFfWgtALYI/AAAAAAAAWb0/-Mlhsmvqh-I/s1600/1--a-6-kcci.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Yl8w-F2xg_8/TeFfWgtALYI/AAAAAAAAWb0/-Mlhsmvqh-I/s320/1--a-6-kcci.jpg" t8="true" width="240px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The French Angle&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kashmiri shawl has been acclaimed for centuries but historians credit French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte’s fashionable wife Joséphine de Beauharnais for making it a global sensation. Joséphine, Napoleon’ wife for 14 years, is considered among history’s greatest style icons. Her elegance, charm, and easy aristocratic grace are legendary. Her contribution to the evolution of French luxury industry is next to none. Her fascination with Kashmiri shawls grew after Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign in 1798, when the French Army returning from the Egyptian campaign, brought many items including a lot of shawls. The best of these shawls were gifted to the emperor and reached the queen. Joséphine, historians say, was the proud owner of 200 to 400 Kashmiri shawls. In a number of paintings depicting her, she can be seen wearing Kashmiri shawls. Her love for shawls became a trendsetter, as till then, it was only being worn by wealthy men in the Indian subcontinent, and not women. Notwithstanding its cost-a substantial 12000 francs then, the Kashmiri shawl became a craze among women in Europe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-5705490814985218129?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/5705490814985218129/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/05/opening-up-vistas.html#comment-form' title='1 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5705490814985218129'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5705490814985218129'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/05/opening-up-vistas.html' title='Opening up vistas'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Yl8w-F2xg_8/TeFfWgtALYI/AAAAAAAAWb0/-Mlhsmvqh-I/s72-c/1--a-6-kcci.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1324056060397910228</id><published>2011-05-22T14:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:49:53.149-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><title type='text'>La Pagerie.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PeQ1ij7ftXs/Tdl-bzv6qUI/AAAAAAAAWTw/DFd0durm3TY/s1600/SuperStock_1566-0210199.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="271px" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PeQ1ij7ftXs/Tdl-bzv6qUI/AAAAAAAAWTw/DFd0durm3TY/s400/SuperStock_1566-0210199.jpg" width="400px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CTdG6JIMacc/TdmAPuiR2XI/AAAAAAAAWT0/GHhU7jFX1Bw/s1600/f_josephine4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200px" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CTdG6JIMacc/TdmAPuiR2XI/AAAAAAAAWT0/GHhU7jFX1Bw/s200/f_josephine4.png" width="133px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 class="normal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;House of Josephine de Beauharnais, Martinique, French West Indies. France. Caribbean&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class="normal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="normal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1324056060397910228?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1324056060397910228/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-pagerie.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1324056060397910228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1324056060397910228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-pagerie.html' title='La Pagerie.'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PeQ1ij7ftXs/Tdl-bzv6qUI/AAAAAAAAWTw/DFd0durm3TY/s72-c/SuperStock_1566-0210199.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3346530959351046439</id><published>2011-04-23T13:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T13:17:51.687-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Easter eggs in Napoleon's kitchen</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Celebrated Belgian chocolatier is making Easter eggs in Napoleon's former kitchen.&lt;br /&gt;Dominique Persoone has opened a new shop in a renovated 18th century palace after extensive restoration.&lt;br /&gt;To celebrate the link to Napoleon, Persoone created a chocolate calendar with eight different chocolates of Napoleon's eight mistresses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blinkx.com/watch-video/easter-egg-production-in-full-swing/kXc4YrpVzTPk4Rm_Ck2U6g"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;"&gt;video/easter-egg-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-3346530959351046439?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/3346530959351046439/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/easter-eggs-in-napoleons-kitchen.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3346530959351046439'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3346530959351046439'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/easter-eggs-in-napoleons-kitchen.html' title='Easter eggs in Napoleon&apos;s kitchen'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1048996744713817603</id><published>2011-04-15T12:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-15T12:29:40.471-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Duc de Morny'/><title type='text'>Duc de Morny</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GbNI-YCk8wQ/TaibrFOI1cI/AAAAAAAAVlE/5rcxWPujIsQ/s1600/220px-Duc-de-Morny-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GbNI-YCk8wQ/TaibrFOI1cI/AAAAAAAAVlE/5rcxWPujIsQ/s400/220px-Duc-de-Morny-02.jpg" width="277" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Charles Auguste Louis Joseph Demorny/de Morny, 1st Duc de Morny (15–16 September 1811 in Switzerland – 10 March 1865 in Paris) was a French statesman. He was the natural son of Hortense de Beauharnais (wife of Louis Bonaparte, and queen of Holland) and Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut, and therefore half-brother of Emperor Napoleon III. He was born in Switzerland,[1] and his birth was duly registered in a misleading certificate which made him the legitimate son of Auguste Jean Hyacinthe Demorny, born in Paris on 23 October 1811,[2] and described as a landowner of St. Domingo. M. Demorny was in fact an officer in the Prussian army and a native of St. Domingo, though he owned no land there or elsewhere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1048996744713817603?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1048996744713817603/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/duc-de-morny.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1048996744713817603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1048996744713817603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/duc-de-morny.html' title='Duc de Morny'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GbNI-YCk8wQ/TaibrFOI1cI/AAAAAAAAVlE/5rcxWPujIsQ/s72-c/220px-Duc-de-Morny-02.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-5619267849380675471</id><published>2011-04-15T12:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T13:13:33.563-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='lettres'/><title type='text'>Lettres</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Lettre d'Hortense de Beauharnais à son frère Eugène&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;16 juillet 1805 , Saint-Amand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Il y a quelques jours que je suis aux boues de Saint-Amand, mon cher Eugène ; c'est un pays bien triste ; je n'ai avec moi que Mlle Cochelet et Mlle de Mornay, qui est sous-gouvernante. J'espère qu'Adèle viendra bientôt, mais, comme l'Impératrice est de retour, j'ai bien peur qu'Eglé aille tout droit à Paris et peut-être à Plombières avec maman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Le général Belliard doit venir prendre les boues ici ; dis-moi franchement ce que tu penses de lui, car je sais qu'il pense un peu à Adèle, quoiqu'il lui ait beaucoup déplu l'hiver dernier. J'espère qu'en le voyant de plus près, elle se déciderait peut-être à l'épouser. Il est temps du moins qu'elle se marie ; j'avais pensé au général Bertrand, mais je ne sais pas quelles sont ses intentions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;L'Empereur a écrit hier à Louis ; il le charge de me dire que tu te portes bien, que tu travailles beaucoup, mais qu'il faut que je t'écrive des lettres gaies et non pas tristes. Est-ce qu'il aurait vu mes lettres ? Dis-moi, je t'en prie, pourquoi il m'a fait dire cela.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Je voudrais aussi te recommander ce pauvre M. Beaufond qui est bien malheureux. Louis lui donnait trois mille francs par an, mais c'était bien peu pour vivre à Paris avec son petit ménage ; si tu pouvais lui faire avoir une petite place, soit même de concierge, dans une des maisons royales, avec les mêmes appointements et logé il serait fort heureux.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Adieu, mon cher Eugène ; malgré tes grandes occupations, tâche, je te prie, de trouver un petit moment pour m'écrire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Donne-moi un peu le détail de ta journée ; quand je penserai à toi, que je saches au moins où tu te trouves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;Hortense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;P.S. Napoléon t'embrasse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.charles-de-flahaut.fr/lettres/Hortense/lettres_Hortense.htm"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: #444444; color: white;"&gt;charles-de-flahaut.fr/lettres/Hortense/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-5619267849380675471?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/5619267849380675471/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/lettres.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5619267849380675471'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5619267849380675471'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/lettres.html' title='Lettres'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4867835403532791859</id><published>2011-04-15T12:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-15T12:15:40.262-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hortense de Beauharnais'/><title type='text'>La reine Hortense (miniature par Isabey / Collection Lansdowne)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oyqylLe3sdM/TaiY3xN5w3I/AAAAAAAAVk8/A3x4GkBjgfY/s1600/hortb.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oyqylLe3sdM/TaiY3xN5w3I/AAAAAAAAVk8/A3x4GkBjgfY/s1600/hortb.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span class="sources"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;La reine Hortense (miniature par Isabey / Collection Lansdowne)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span class="sources"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-55aayO7kQ6Q/TaiZQRX6IqI/AAAAAAAAVlA/gpwbFtav7qs/s1600/hortenfant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-55aayO7kQ6Q/TaiZQRX6IqI/AAAAAAAAVlA/gpwbFtav7qs/s1600/hortenfant.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span class="sources"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span class="sources"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Hortense, enfant (pastel attribué à Boze) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Musée d'Avignon - Ph.Bulloz &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="sources"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4867835403532791859?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4867835403532791859/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/la-reine-hortense-miniature-par-isabey.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4867835403532791859'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4867835403532791859'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/la-reine-hortense-miniature-par-isabey.html' title='La reine Hortense (miniature par Isabey / Collection Lansdowne)'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oyqylLe3sdM/TaiY3xN5w3I/AAAAAAAAVk8/A3x4GkBjgfY/s72-c/hortb.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8955410194558344002</id><published>2011-04-02T13:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-02T13:17:26.109-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Napoleonjaar</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;De ontvangst die keizer Napoleon ten deel viel toen hij in het najaar van 1811 Nederland bezocht, was heel behoorlijk. De onderdanen in het recent bij Frankrijk ingelijfde lage land gaven hun nieuwe vorst een gepast –en prijzig– eerbetoon. En dat terwijl ze als een vis op het droge naar adem hapten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1811 stond Napoleon op het toppunt van zijn macht. Hij heerste als ”verlicht despoot” over een groot deel van Europa. Rusland, Elba en Waterloo lagen nog in het verschiet. De Nederlandse Republiek was een aantal jaren eerder, in 1795, veroverd door Franse troepen met hulp van Nederlandse patriotten. Tot 1806 bleef de Bataafse Republiek (zoals Nederland in deze periode werd genoemd) formeel onafhankelijk van Frankrijk, maar in werkelijkheid trokken de Fransen aan de touwtjes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1806 benoemde Napoleon zijn broer Lodewijk tot koning van Holland, en werd Nederland een koninkrijk. Hiermee werd de grondslag gelegd voor de latere monarchie. In 1810 zette Napoleon zijn broer alweer af en lijfde hij Nederland in bij het Franse keizerrijk. Toen Napoleon een jaar later naar Nederland kwam, bezocht hij dus feitelijk slechts de noordelijke departementen van het immense keizerrijk. De reis begon op 24 september in Zeeland en eindigde op 31 oktober in de Brabantse vestingstad Grave. Hij reisde van Zeeland naar Texel en van de westkust tot aan de grens met Duitsland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Het was geen beleefdheidsbezoek van de keizer. Napoleon wilde in de eerste plaats laten zien wie de baas in de Nederlandse gewesten was. Ooggetuigen zagen hem in Amsterdam op zijn witte paard binnenrijden, gevolgd door 73 hoogwaardigheidsbekleders en niet minder dan 6000 militairen. En om maar meteen duidelijk te maken dat er met hem niet viel te spotten, voerde de keizer enkele honderden Spaanse krijgsgevangenen mee.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Het machtsvertoon was begrijpelijk. Ondanks de beleefde ontvangst hadden de Hollanders het niet zo op Napoleon. In Amsterdam en elders waren al langere tijd opstandige krachten tegen de Franse overheersers actief. Koning Lodewijk Napoleon trad volgens zijn broer de keizer veel te zachtzinnig op tegen zijn muitende onderdanen en dat was ook de reden dat hij begin 1810 werd ontslagen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De halsstarrigheid van veel Hollanders was intussen niet zonder reden. Napoleons grote vijand in West-Europa was Engeland. Aanvankelijk beschouwden de Europese staten Napoleon als sterke man die de onrust na de Franse Revolutie kon bedwingen. Door zijn veroveringsdrang werd de keizer echter algauw alom gewantrouwd en kreeg hij steeds meer vijanden. Engeland, Rusland, Zweden, het Heilige Roomse Rijk, Oostenrijk en Napels verklaarden Frankrijk in 1805 de oorlog. Op 2 december van dat jaar had de Slag bij Austerlitz of de ”Driekeizerslag” plaats, waarbij een gecombineerde strijdmacht van 89.000 Russische en Oostenrijkse soldaten werd verslagen door 73.000 Franse soldaten onder bevel van Napoleon. Het gevolg was dat Oostenrijk en Rusland vrede sloten met Frankrijk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon zorgde er met zijn ”continentaal stelsel” voor dat alle handel tussen het Europese continent en Groot-Brittannië voortaan werd verboden. Dat laatste pakte voor het handeldrijvende Holland uiteraard zeer nadelig uit, vooral omdat Engeland op zee oppermachtig was en er ook geen schepen meer in de haven van Amsterdam konden komen. Bovendien had Engeland de koloniën van de Nederlanders ingepikt. Hoewel voortdurend werd geprobeerd de handelsbeperkingen te omzeilen, lagen de Lage Landen algauw als een vis op het droge naar adem te happen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon had daar nauwelijks oog voor. Hij dacht eerder dat de zuinige Hollanders hem voor de gek probeerden te houden en minder aan de staat afdroegen dan ze zouden kunnen. De keizer kastijdde ze met schorpioenen. Om een eventuele aanval van Engelse zijde af te slaan, was hij van plan om duizenden jonge arbeidskrachten aan de toch al zwaar getroffen economie te onttrekken en te laten dienen in het leger en bij de marine. Dat was de tweede reden van Napoleons bezoek aan Nederland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vanuit strategisch oogpunt was Nederland (Napoleon sprak van „een aanslibbing van Frankrijk”) belangrijk voor de verdediging van het vasteland van Europa. Eerder had de keizer al tegen zijn broer (toen nog koning) Lodewijk Napoleon gezegd dat hij Nederland ooit bij Frankrijk zou inlijven. „Ik zal u niet met rust kunnen laten en heb een uitgestrekte kust nodig om Engeland te bestrijden.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Op oorlog zaten de uitgeknepen Hollanders al helemaal niet te wachten, maar Napoleon had zich vastgebeten in de overtuiging dat Engeland op de knieën gedwongen moest worden, koste wat het kost. De derde reden van zijn bezoek aan Nederland was dat hij de verdedigingswerken –havens, kampementen, forten, zeewerken– in het gebied wilde inspecteren. Hij volgde een grillige route door de Lage Laden die hem langs de meest strategische plekken –met name langs de kust en rond de Zuiderzee– bracht.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iaRMVFwXPS8/TZeEHUMMuEI/AAAAAAAAVYs/cHFxY9y2zsE/s1600/3189668516.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="220" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iaRMVFwXPS8/TZeEHUMMuEI/AAAAAAAAVYs/cHFxY9y2zsE/s320/3189668516.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Op 9 oktober arriveerde de keizer in Amsterdam (”Derde Stad van het Keizerrijk”). Onder de toegestroomde inwoners bevond zich de 16-jarige Willem de Clercq, de latere voorman van het Reveil. De Clercq hield al sinds 1801(!) een dagboek bij en deed ook van het bezoek van de keizer aan Amsterdam uitgebreid verslag. Niet dat hij zulke warme gevoelens koesterde voor de keizer, maar hij wilde de man wel eens zien die zich had opgewerkt „van een gewoon burger tot de bezitter van de machtigste troon van Europa, de veroveraar van Egypte, Austerlitz en Jena.” Het enthousiasme van zijn medestedelingen kon hem niet bekoren. „Dat waren dezelfde Hollanders die [...] hebben geapplaudisseerd voor de prins van Oranje, die de carmagnole hebben gedanst op de Dam, die toestemden in de machtsverheffing van Schimmelpenninck, die ”leve de koning” hebben geschreeuwd, en nu ”leve de keizer” schreeuwen. Zo zijn de mensen en zo zullen ze altijd blijven.” Burgemeester Willem Joseph van Brienen ging erg ver in zijn enthousiasme. Hij sprak na afloop van het keizerlijke bezoek de overtuiging uit dat het voor de inwoners van Amsterdam „voor altoos een der genoeglijkste herinneringen” zou zijn. Spontaan doopte hij de Dam om tot Place Napoleon. Toch geloofde De Clercq dat de meeste van zijn stadgenoten, net als hijzelf, slechts door nieuwsgierigheid werden gedreven.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In ieder geval was het twee jaar geleden gedaan met het ontzag voor Napoleon. In augustus 1813 liep de veldtocht tegen Rusland uit op een verpletterende nederlaag voor Frankrijk. Half november verlieten de Franse troepen Amsterdam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De onderdrukte woede van de bevolking kwam tot een ontlading. Doelwit waren vooral de gehate douanehuisjes, die een cruciale rol speelden bij het toezicht op de naleving van de boycot tegen Engeland. Nederland kon herademen&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8955410194558344002?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8955410194558344002/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/napoleonjaar.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8955410194558344002'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8955410194558344002'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/napoleonjaar.html' title='Napoleonjaar'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iaRMVFwXPS8/TZeEHUMMuEI/AAAAAAAAVYs/cHFxY9y2zsE/s72-c/3189668516.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-305205107981351822</id><published>2011-04-02T13:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-02T13:13:46.844-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>het Napoleonjaar  2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlO2w_iIKCc/TZeDWm5-WCI/AAAAAAAAVYo/ziCnD8eLVv8/s1600/NapoleoninNederland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlO2w_iIKCc/TZeDWm5-WCI/AAAAAAAAVYo/ziCnD8eLVv8/s320/NapoleoninNederland.jpg" width="243" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Den Helder – Ter gelegenheid van het Napoleonjaar wordt in 2011 zes keer het tijdschrift “Napoleon in Nederland 1811-201” uitgegeven. Dit magazine staat geheel in het teken van het bezoek van Napoleon aan ons land. Vrijdag vindt de presentatie plaats van de tweede editie, die over het bezoek aan Den Helder en Texel gaat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1811 bezocht keizer Napoleon tussen 24 september en 31 oktober zijn nieuwe onderdanen op voorheen Hollands, sinds 1810 Frans grondgebied. Voor Den Helder, door Napoleon ‘Gibraltar van het noorden’ genoemd en Texel, had Napoleon grootse plannen. Die gingen niet door, vanwege zijn ondergang bij Waterloo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon in Nederland 1811-2011 is een combinatie van een historisch tijdschrift en een reisgids. In elk nummer is een kaart opgenomen met de plekken die nog steeds herinneren aan Napoleons aanwezigheid en de moeite waard zijn om te bezoeken.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Op vrijdag 25 maart om 17.00 uur ’s middags wordt het tweede tijdschrift gepresenteerd in Nogal Wiedus aan de Zeeweg 6. Tijdens een borrel, onder de klanken van een Franse accordeonist, wordt “Napoleon in Nederland 1811-2011 # 2” in ontvangst genomen door de organisatoren van “Den Helder 200 jaar na Napoleon”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon in Nederland 1811-2011 is een uitgave van Stichting ThemaTijdschriften. Stichting ThemaTijdschriften heeft een samenwerking gerealiseerd met het Nationaal Historisch Museum. Napoleon in Nederland 1811-2011 wordt onderdeel van de Maand van de Geschiedenis in 2011 en zal daarin prominent naar voren komen. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-305205107981351822?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/305205107981351822/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/het-napoleonjaar-2011.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/305205107981351822'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/305205107981351822'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/het-napoleonjaar-2011.html' title='het Napoleonjaar  2011'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlO2w_iIKCc/TZeDWm5-WCI/AAAAAAAAVYo/ziCnD8eLVv8/s72-c/NapoleoninNederland.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-84886490754676135</id><published>2011-04-02T13:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-04-02T13:09:57.018-07:00</updated><title type='text'>'Je mag niet zomaar een achternaam kiezen' - Binnenland - AD</title><content type='html'>Achternaam verplicht sinds 1811De burgerlijke stand ontstond eind achttiende eeuw in Frankrijk, in het kader van de scheiding van Kerk en Staat na de Franse revolutie. In Nederland werd het ingevoerd toen het Koninkrijk Holland onderdeel van het Franse keizerrijk werd. Op 18 augustus 1811 stelde keizer Napoleon Bonaparte iedere burger verplicht om een vaste achternaam te kiezen. &lt;a href="http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/575309/2011/03/27/Je-mag-niet-zomaar-een-achternaam-kiezen.dhtml?sms_ss=blogger&amp;amp;at_xt=4d978263a4a38509%2C0"&gt;'Je mag niet zomaar een achternaam kiezen' - Binnenland - AD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-84886490754676135?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1012/Binnenland/article/detail/575309/2011/03/27/Je-mag-niet-zomaar-een-achternaam-kiezen.dhtml?sms_ss=blogger&amp;at_xt=4d978263a4a38509%2C0' title='&apos;Je mag niet zomaar een achternaam kiezen&apos; - Binnenland - AD'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/84886490754676135/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/je-mag-niet-zomaar-een-achternaam.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/84886490754676135'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/84886490754676135'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/04/je-mag-niet-zomaar-een-achternaam.html' title='&apos;Je mag niet zomaar een achternaam kiezen&apos; - Binnenland - AD'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4605930626821944048</id><published>2011-03-28T09:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-28T09:47:25.403-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Museumweekend in Museum Het Bolwerk</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nieuwe kleren van de keizer? Napoleon, zijn werk in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen en zijn vrouwen'. Tentoonstelling en activiteiten in Museum Het Bolwerk te IJzendijke &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tijdens het Museumweekend is op 2 en 3 april 2011 in Museum Het Bolwerk te IJzendijke de tentoonstelling `Nieuwe kleren van de keizer. Napoleon, zijn werk in Zeeuws-Vlaanderen en zijn vrouwen' te bezichtigen. De tentoonstelling is gewijd aan het werk van Napoleon in onze streek en aan enkele vrouwen die een belangrijke rol in zijn leven hebben gespeeld. In het kader van de tentoonstelling worden bovendien twee lezingen en aansluitend een receptie gehouden. De toegang is gratis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon heeft verscheidene keren onze streek bezocht. Zijn aandacht ging onder andere uit naar de modernisering van militaire versterkingen voor leger en vloot en het verbeteren van land- en waterverbindingen. Deze aspecten staan centraal in het eerste deel van de tentoonstelling `Nieuwe kleren van de keizer?'. Ook wordt ingegaan op Napoleons gigantische plan om Terneuzen uit te bouwen tot een van de grootste oorlogshavens van zijn rijk. Wat kwam ervan terecht? Het tweede deel van de tentoonstelling besteedt aandacht aan de belangrijkste vrouwen in Napoleons leven: zijn Corsicaanse moeder Letitia, zijn echtgenotes Joséphine de Beauharnais en Marie Louise van Oostenrijk en zijn Poolse maîtresse Marie Waleska (die hem stapelverliefd en hoogzwanger volgde naar Wenen en Parijs). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lezing door de heer Ruud van der Berg, `Napoleon en zijn vrouwen' &lt;br /&gt;Op zaterdag 2 en zondag 3 april, steeds vanaf 15.00 uur, kunt u een boeiende lezing bijwonen over de vrouwen van de Franse keizer. Napoleon had over vrouwen nogal zakelijke opvattingen. Over zijn echtgenote Joséphine de Beauharnais zei hij eens: "Zij maakt zich veel meer zorgen dan nodig is. Ze is altijd bang dat ik in ernst verliefd op andere vrouwen zal worden. Ze weet blijkbaar niet dat de liefde niet iets voor mij is. Ik ben er werkelijk de man niet naar om me zo uitsluitend met één ding bezig te houden." Dit en nog meer aardige en eigenaardige verhalen komen aan bod in de lezing, die gehouden wordt door de heer Van der Berg. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Website: www.museumhetbolwerk.eu &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4605930626821944048?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4605930626821944048/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/museumweekend-in-museum-het-bolwerk.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4605930626821944048'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4605930626821944048'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/museumweekend-in-museum-het-bolwerk.html' title='Museumweekend in Museum Het Bolwerk'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6649463804157152439</id><published>2011-03-03T10:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-03T10:55:47.425-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Marie Walewska'/><title type='text'>Countess Marie Walewska</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JBEJiGVt2vc/TW_kGAcUm1I/AAAAAAAAU3o/D0EVSVG0fNQ/s1600/imagesCAJ48VDP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" l6="true" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JBEJiGVt2vc/TW_kGAcUm1I/AAAAAAAAU3o/D0EVSVG0fNQ/s400/imagesCAJ48VDP.jpg" width="317" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maria met Napoleon Bonaparte for the first time in 1806. According to Maria's own memoirs, she spoke briefly with the French emperor, but the meeting was inconclusive. However, Napoleon remembered her for her extraordinary beauty and requested to see her in Warsaw/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They met again at a ball hosted by count Stanislaw Potocki in his Warsaw residence. Although Maria was initially reluctant to become Napoleon's mistress, she was convinced to do so by marshal Géraud Duroc and a number of Polish aristocrats, who hoped that she could influence the emperor to support Poland in its struggle to regain independence from Prussia, Austro-Hungarian Empire and Russian Tzarat. In her memoirs, Maria maintained that she forced herself to get involved with Napoleon for purely patriotic reasons:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;“The sacrifice was complete. It was all about harvesting fruit now, achieving this one single equivalence [convincing Napoleon to support Polish independence movement], which could excuse my wystepna position. This was the thought that possessed me. Ruling over my will it did not allow me to fall under the weight of my bad consciousness and sadness.” &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The affair was initially kept secret, even though unofficially it was one of the most widely commented news in Warsaw's higher circles. Walewska visited Napoleon, residing in the capital's Royal Castle, only at nights and would secretly leave the building each morning. The relationship progressed when Napoleon moved to his field headquarters in Finckenstein Palace in East Prussia (now Kamieniec Suski, Poland): Maria followed him there and they moved into neighouring apartments. As Maria was extraordinarily pious for her times, they still maintained apparent secrecy: she refused to leave the part of the building in which they lived, fearing being seen by officers surrounding Napoleon, many of whom were her acquaintances or relatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1809 Maria followed Napoleon during his journey to Vienna, where she lived in a house near Schönbrunn Palace, Napoleon's residence. During the sejour in Vienna she fell pregnant and returned to Walewice in order to give birth to her second son, Alexandre Joseph. Although Alexandre was unquestionably a product of Maria's affair with Bonaparte, he was legalised by the old count Athenasius and thus bore the name of the counts of Colonna-Walewski.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1810 Napoleon returned to Paris, where he was soon joined by Maria. She settled in a palatial residence in the Rue de Montmorency and was given a large rent of 120 000 francs and a permission to enter all of the imperial museums, but her previous relationship with Napoleon ended. Bonaparte planned to divorce Josephine and instead marry Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma and maintaining an affair with another woman seemed inappropriate. Her and her son's future were nevertheless ascertained by the grant of large land estates in the Kingdom of Naples.&lt;br /&gt;In 1812 Maria divorced count Colonna-Walewski. To facilitate it, her brother, Benedykt Jozef, admitted to forcing the marriage upon her. It remains unclear whether this was the truth, as in her memoirs Maria stated that her mother influenced her choice to marry Athenasius, possibly due to an illegitimate pregnancy. As a settlement, she and her oldest son received half of count Walewski's estates, which even though heavily indebted, represented a large wealth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1816 Maria married her long-term admirer and lover, Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, count d'Ornano. They settled in Liege, as d'Ornano did not want to return to Paris due to his pro-Napoleonic allegiances. In 1817 Maria gave birth to count d'Ornano's son, Rudolph Augustus, and she died shortly afterwards due to a prolonged kidney illness. Before her death, she completed her memoirs, which were addressed to her husband. Upon request from her Polish relatives her body was exhumed from the Père Lachaise graveyard in Paris and moved to her family crypt in Kiernozia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Marie_Walewska"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countess_Marie_Walewska&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6649463804157152439?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6649463804157152439/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/countess-marie-walewska.html#comment-form' title='1 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6649463804157152439'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6649463804157152439'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/countess-marie-walewska.html' title='Countess Marie Walewska'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JBEJiGVt2vc/TW_kGAcUm1I/AAAAAAAAU3o/D0EVSVG0fNQ/s72-c/imagesCAJ48VDP.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8573608355615000013</id><published>2011-03-03T10:38:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-03T10:56:44.954-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jewelry'/><title type='text'>Juwelen</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) had een enorme liefde voor juwelen. Onder zijn bewind bloeide de decoratieve kunst in Parijs weer op en grote juweelhuizen – zoals hofjuwelier Nitot, de stichter van het latere huis Chaumet - kenden een glorietijd. Ondanks het kleine postuur van de Corsicaanse generaal, was hij een militair genie met een angstaanjagend ego. Zijn hervormingen druisten in tegen de idealen en de soberheid van de Franse Revolutie (1789) en een rijke juwelentraditie vond tijdens zijn bewind dan ook snel ingang. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-wLxs_KQG56M/TW_gL035XPI/AAAAAAAAU3U/Bz3RPamOmxs/s1600/1285354121CA2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="171" l6="true" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-wLxs_KQG56M/TW_gL035XPI/AAAAAAAAU3U/Bz3RPamOmxs/s400/1285354121CA2.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dL5MSssPvqE/TW_gX42O2pI/AAAAAAAAU3Y/zjGQ1fwbbjo/s1600/1285354751CA3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="272" l6="true" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dL5MSssPvqE/TW_gX42O2pI/AAAAAAAAU3Y/zjGQ1fwbbjo/s640/1285354751CA3.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-TE0gJ9PeYg4/TW_gg4F5ShI/AAAAAAAAU3c/BesoiawtxUA/s1600/1285355728CA4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="170" l6="true" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-TE0gJ9PeYg4/TW_gg4F5ShI/AAAAAAAAU3c/BesoiawtxUA/s400/1285355728CA4.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yuYnlPElBug/TW_goerq53I/AAAAAAAAU3g/Gbx4UILyE5s/s1600/1285500589CA1ringeugene.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="170" l6="true" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yuYnlPElBug/TW_goerq53I/AAAAAAAAU3g/Gbx4UILyE5s/s400/1285500589CA1ringeugene.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.seniorennet.be/zucheroke/archief.php?ID=726204"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #6fa8dc;"&gt;http://blog.seniorennet.be/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8573608355615000013?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8573608355615000013/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/napoleon-bonaparte-1769-1821-had-een.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8573608355615000013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8573608355615000013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/napoleon-bonaparte-1769-1821-had-een.html' title='Juwelen'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-wLxs_KQG56M/TW_gL035XPI/AAAAAAAAU3U/Bz3RPamOmxs/s72-c/1285354121CA2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2224970744147365786</id><published>2011-03-03T10:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-03T10:34:14.713-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>Soldatenbrief, 1813</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7i5EDNilR4E/TW_fBYnQTxI/AAAAAAAAU3Q/mfR90bfVS-c/s1600/brief-soldaat2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" l6="true" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7i5EDNilR4E/TW_fBYnQTxI/AAAAAAAAU3Q/mfR90bfVS-c/s320/brief-soldaat2.jpg" width="319" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vanaf 1795 tot 1814 was het gebied dat later Limburg zou gaan heten, bij Frankrijk ingelijfd. Het noorden hiervan maakte deel uit van het Departement van de Roer, het zuiden van het Departement van de Nedermaas. In 1798 werd in Frankrijk de Dienstplichtwet ingevoerd en ook de jongens uit onze streek werden verplicht dienst te nemen bij het Franse leger. Een van hen, Matthias Banens, schreef deze enigszins onbeholpen brief in de winter van 1813, vlak voor zijn vertrek naar Rusland, vanuit de Ecole Militaire in Parijs aan zijn oom en tante in Maastricht. Het briefhoofd in kleur stelt een soldaat van de keizerlijke garde voor. Daarnaast in medaillon de portretten van keizer Napoleon Bonaparte en zijn echtgenote Joséphine de Beauharnais.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2224970744147365786?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2224970744147365786/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/soldatenbrief-1813.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2224970744147365786'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2224970744147365786'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/03/soldatenbrief-1813.html' title='Soldatenbrief, 1813'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7i5EDNilR4E/TW_fBYnQTxI/AAAAAAAAU3Q/mfR90bfVS-c/s72-c/brief-soldaat2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3473683847069725705</id><published>2011-01-21T11:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-10T08:26:25.114-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='interiors'/><title type='text'>Bed, boudoir, bath</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnlJVz4lfI/AAAAAAAATu8/XoHiEVUQHqQ/s1600/26030426.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" s5="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnlJVz4lfI/AAAAAAAATu8/XoHiEVUQHqQ/s400/26030426.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;The bathroom of Emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte in Versailles. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnlsovVXOI/AAAAAAAATvA/EmkAygFu2KI/s1600/26030429.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" s5="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnlsovVXOI/AAAAAAAATvA/EmkAygFu2KI/s400/26030429.jpg" width="306" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;The breakfast room of Emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte and Empress Marie-Louise in the Trianon in Versailles. The table is laid with the Empire style Tea-set "Vieux-Paris", property of the Emperor. One of his hats on the couch in the background. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnmZSGNyEI/AAAAAAAATvE/j1YP6bXmH5k/s1600/26030433.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="316" s5="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnmZSGNyEI/AAAAAAAATvE/j1YP6bXmH5k/s400/26030433.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Bedroom of Marie-Louise, seond wife of Napoleon I. Furniture by Jacob Desmalter; 1809 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnmz7Z-KsI/AAAAAAAATvI/G6pwmBFPxV0/s1600/26030421.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="310" s5="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnmz7Z-KsI/AAAAAAAATvI/G6pwmBFPxV0/s400/26030421.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;Bedroom of Queen Hortense, daughter of Josephine Beauharnais. Hortense married Louis, King of Holland, Napoleon's brother. She is the mother of Emperor Napoleon III. Furniture (1805/06) by the brothers Jacob.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnnUgFk5BI/AAAAAAAATvM/Y_PEakBPF00/s1600/26030432.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" s5="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnnUgFk5BI/AAAAAAAATvM/Y_PEakBPF00/s400/26030432.jpg" width="327" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;Boudoir of Empress Marie-Louise, second wife of Napoleon I Bonaparte (1808) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-3473683847069725705?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/3473683847069725705/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/bathroom-of-emperor-napoleon-i.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3473683847069725705'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3473683847069725705'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/bathroom-of-emperor-napoleon-i.html' title='Bed, boudoir, bath'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnlJVz4lfI/AAAAAAAATu8/XoHiEVUQHqQ/s72-c/26030426.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8147011589707661213</id><published>2011-01-21T11:50:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-10T08:26:04.578-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Malmaison'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='interiors'/><title type='text'>Bedroom Malmaison</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnjk9M008I/AAAAAAAATu4/YlWii5roIHM/s1600/5136958478_cd1c5eea0f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="275" s5="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnjk9M008I/AAAAAAAATu4/YlWii5roIHM/s400/5136958478_cd1c5eea0f.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnjX6KUzzI/AAAAAAAATu0/Dvy0zzNsyTE/s1600/5136270523_1e2c4575bb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" s5="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnjX6KUzzI/AAAAAAAATu0/Dvy0zzNsyTE/s640/5136270523_1e2c4575bb.jpg" width="480" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;A tent-like theme is Josephine's round bedroom. A circle of painted sky is revealed at the top of the faux tent. Gilt-wood poles hold up the lushly draped red silk "tent". The poles lead the eye up to a frieze with gold motifs in abstract loops, spirals, and circles on a red ground. The carpet is cream with red, gold, and royal blue decorations. The amazing bed has a canopy topped with a great golden eagle and bordered in red and gold. The bed curtains are cream with gold border embroidery on the outside and lined with a curtain of cream with gold flowers. The golden bed, designed by Jacob Desmalter, is flanked at the head with swans and at the foot by brimming cornucopias. A portable writing desk which adds to the illusion that the room is part of a military camp. Draperies are pulled back to reveal the white marble fireplace and the over mirror. The room is warm and rich in appearance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8147011589707661213?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8147011589707661213/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8147011589707661213'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8147011589707661213'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post.html' title='Bedroom Malmaison'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TTnjk9M008I/AAAAAAAATu4/YlWii5roIHM/s72-c/5136958478_cd1c5eea0f.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3876691701478144165</id><published>2011-01-19T10:42:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T10:42:38.461-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='You tube'/><title type='text'>JOSEPHINE BONAPARTE</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="385" width="480"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/W_dthkHw-eg?fs=1&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/W_dthkHw-eg?fs=1&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-3876691701478144165?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/3876691701478144165/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/josephine-bonaparte.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3876691701478144165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3876691701478144165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/josephine-bonaparte.html' title='JOSEPHINE BONAPARTE'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7950926288852794638</id><published>2011-01-19T10:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T10:39:30.049-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='You tube'/><title type='text'>Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie/Empress Joséphine of France</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="385" width="640"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/N-x0y7L7_ZA?fs=1&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/N-x0y7L7_ZA?fs=1&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7950926288852794638?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7950926288852794638/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/marie-josephe-rose-tascher-de-la.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7950926288852794638'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7950926288852794638'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/marie-josephe-rose-tascher-de-la.html' title='Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie/Empress Joséphine of France'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1459978012123697760</id><published>2011-01-09T12:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-09T12:35:37.369-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shoes'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jewelry'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fashion'/><title type='text'>Jewelry, shoes and dress of Josephine de Beauharnais.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoT3HxvzoI/AAAAAAAATmo/96dynmXr9CE/s1600/Josephine+Sapphire+and+Diamond+Diadem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="258" n4="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoT3HxvzoI/AAAAAAAATmo/96dynmXr9CE/s400/Josephine+Sapphire+and+Diamond+Diadem.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Josephine's Sapphire and Diamond Diadem&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoaJmyB3EI/AAAAAAAATmw/pzCIwWxriCU/s1600/Josephines+Jewels.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="311" n4="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoaJmyB3EI/AAAAAAAATmw/pzCIwWxriCU/s400/Josephines+Jewels.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Jewelry of Josephine&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoZ6578BrI/AAAAAAAATms/FmPMEbD5kAU/s1600/Josephines_Dress.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" n4="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoZ6578BrI/AAAAAAAATms/FmPMEbD5kAU/s400/Josephines_Dress.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSobkNbkTMI/AAAAAAAATm4/hC7nsblrOoE/s1600/Josephines+Gown.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="312" n4="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSobkNbkTMI/AAAAAAAATm4/hC7nsblrOoE/s400/Josephines+Gown.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Dresses of Josephine&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoaRp0Ku2I/AAAAAAAATm0/r_03YAhyUX8/s1600/Josephines+Shoes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="196" n4="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoaRp0Ku2I/AAAAAAAATm0/r_03YAhyUX8/s400/Josephines+Shoes.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Shoes of Josephine&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1459978012123697760?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1459978012123697760/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/josephines-sapphire-and-diamond-diadem.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1459978012123697760'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1459978012123697760'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/josephines-sapphire-and-diamond-diadem.html' title='Jewelry, shoes and dress of Josephine de Beauharnais.'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TSoT3HxvzoI/AAAAAAAATmo/96dynmXr9CE/s72-c/Josephine+Sapphire+and+Diamond+Diadem.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-9194556980311175576</id><published>2011-01-08T11:27:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-08T11:27:48.528-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>Trees in Paris</title><content type='html'>Within France between 1804 and 1813 Napoleon spent 277 million on roads, and to ensure that they were protected from the sun, in 1811 he initiated a law declaring that all roads "not planted with trees and capable of being, shall be palnted." More than any other royal decree or royal palace this simple law was to change the look of France. - Vincent Cronin&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-9194556980311175576?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/9194556980311175576/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/trees-in-paris.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/9194556980311175576'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/9194556980311175576'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2011/01/trees-in-paris.html' title='Trees in Paris'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7754915964803447442</id><published>2010-12-31T13:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-31T13:38:15.276-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TR5NC-4HRBI/AAAAAAAATfM/ewk7BXM2AP8/s1600/imagesCAL45GCP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="138" n4="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TR5NC-4HRBI/AAAAAAAATfM/ewk7BXM2AP8/s200/imagesCAL45GCP.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #8e7cc3; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I wish you&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #8e7cc3; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a HAPPY NEW YEAR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7754915964803447442?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7754915964803447442/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/i-wish-you-happy-new-year.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7754915964803447442'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7754915964803447442'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/i-wish-you-happy-new-year.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TR5NC-4HRBI/AAAAAAAATfM/ewk7BXM2AP8/s72-c/imagesCAL45GCP.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4261114704262471899</id><published>2010-12-27T14:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T11:51:13.680-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='lettres'/><title type='text'>Napoleon Bonaparte to Josephine De Beauharnais Paris, December 1795</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TR5MvHJZbUI/AAAAAAAATfI/jW2fTJAwvvs/s1600/napoleon.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" n4="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TR5MvHJZbUI/AAAAAAAATfI/jW2fTJAwvvs/s400/napoleon.bmp" width="276" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;I wake filled with thoughts of you. Your portrait and the intoxicating evening which we spent yesterday have left my senses in turmoil. &lt;br /&gt;Sweet incomparable Josephine, what a strange effect you have on my heart! &lt;br /&gt;Are you angry? &lt;br /&gt;Do I see you looking sad? Are you worried? ... &lt;br /&gt;My soul aches with sorrow, and there can be no rest for your lover; but is there still more in store for me when, yielding to the profound feelings which overwhelm me, I draw from your lips, from your heart a love which consumes me with fire? Ah! it was last night that I fully realized how false an image of you your portrait gives!&lt;br /&gt;You are leaving at noon; I shall see you in three hours. &lt;br /&gt;Until then, mio dolce amor, a thousand kisses; but give me none in return, for they set my blood on fire. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bonaparte&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4261114704262471899?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4261114704262471899/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/napoleon-bonaparte-to-josephine-de.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4261114704262471899'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4261114704262471899'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/napoleon-bonaparte-to-josephine-de.html' title='Napoleon Bonaparte to Josephine De Beauharnais Paris, December 1795'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TR5MvHJZbUI/AAAAAAAATfI/jW2fTJAwvvs/s72-c/napoleon.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-975379743609639659</id><published>2010-12-24T06:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-10T08:26:53.198-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Christmas'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TRkZN5gwzVI/AAAAAAAATaM/Mpbq6c8nRso/s1600/DSC00203.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" n4="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TRkZN5gwzVI/AAAAAAAATaM/Mpbq6c8nRso/s400/DSC00203.JPG" width="331" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76a5af; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Merry Christmas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #76a5af; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to all of you&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-975379743609639659?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/975379743609639659/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/merry-christmas-to-all-of-you.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/975379743609639659'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/975379743609639659'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/merry-christmas-to-all-of-you.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TRkZN5gwzVI/AAAAAAAATaM/Mpbq6c8nRso/s72-c/DSC00203.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-167856322633276291</id><published>2010-12-22T10:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-10T08:25:43.251-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Christmas'/><title type='text'>Strasbourg</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TRJCeLpA4EI/AAAAAAAATTk/MS_HVDM2Aaw/s1600/untitled.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" n4="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TRJCeLpA4EI/AAAAAAAATTk/MS_HVDM2Aaw/s1600/untitled.bmp" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Even the most ardent Francophiles would probably concede that it’s a challenge to hold a candle to Germany when it comes to Christmas markets. But the combination of German and French traditions and cuisine in Alsace makes the region an unbeatable place to celebrate Christmas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Predictably the largest market by far is in the region’s capital, Strasbourg, but there is much more to the city’s preparations for Christmas than hundreds of brightly lit stalls. There are concerts for three nights over the weekends, an ice rink and ice garden, and special activities for children including festive boat rides on the city’s waterways.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Christmas tradition goes back a long way in Strasbourg. It was in 1570 that the Strasbourg Protestants established their own Christkindelsmärik (market of the infant Jesus) to counter the Catholic tradition of the Saint Nicholas market. Today’s market continues the tradition of starting on the first weekend in Advent: 29 November. Even the use of a fir tree as Christmas decoration has a much older provenance than in Britain; this too dates from the 16th century, being covered first in red apples and unconsecrated wafers and later by gilded nuts and multicoloured paper flowers. In the mid-19th century, red glass balls began to replace apples.&lt;br /&gt;To see the city and its markets at their best, try to arrive in Strasbourg in the late afternoon and wait until it is dark to approach the place de la Cathédrale, preferably by rue Mercière or rue des Orfèvres. Both provide a stunning first view of the cathedral’s great cliff of ornately carved pink sandstone on its entrance façade. Though the market surrounds three sides of the cathedral, this is not the largest concentration of stalls; that is found in the elongated rectangle of place Broglie, and there are smaller themed markets in the nearby squares of place Kléber, place des Meuniers, place Benjamin Zix and place du Marché Neuf.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The great delight of the market is that even someone jaded by mass consumerism will find their interest aroused by the astonishing variety and quality of the stalls, naturally dominated by Christmas-related objects and decorations. There are stalls with thousands of painted and unpainted wooden figures, angels and animals; stalls devoted to fairy lights, decorative glass balls, Venetian masques, candles, elongated glass cats, incredibly elaborate water features with working waterwheels, and numerous stalls selling local crafts in leather and pottery. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is impossible to resist the food on offer. Many stalls sell locally made jams, wine, beers, biscuits and of course foie gras for which the city became famous, thanks to Jean-Pierre Clause, the chef and pastry cook to Alsace’s governor in the late 18th century, Maréchal de Contades. Clause’s confection reputedly so delighted Louis XVI that he rewarded de Contades with land and Clause with money. Clause went on to sell ‘pâté de foie gras de Strasbourg’ commercially. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stalls are devoted to seasonal fare such as Berawecka, the Christmas cake which resembles a Swiss roll made with a filling of dried pears, figs, prunes, raisins and dates to which are added orange and lemon peel, chopped almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts. Another favourite is the Kougelhopf cake which is available all year. The cake is a symbol of Alsace and looks like a panettone baked in a Bundt tin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the markets are the main reason people visit Strasbourg in the weeks before Christmas, the city is a treasure house of fine architecture, ancient and modern, as well as museums that illuminate the past of this frequently contested part of France. Foremost among the city’s buildings is the cathedral, and everyone wants to see the huge astronomical clock, which dates from 1571 although the mechanism was rebuilt in 1842. The best way to appreciate its finer points is to watch a 22-minute film with English commentary, which shows the moving parts in close-up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cathedral’s 142-metre spire made it the world’s tallest building when it was finished in 1439, but the crocket spire was nearly destroyed during the French Revolution when zealots thought it should be reduced to the height of the matching spire-less tower. It was spared when a local man suggested that a red metalwork Phrygian cap – symbol of the Revolution – should be placed on top of its pinnacle. When Goethe was a student in Strasbourg in 1770-1, he used to climb the 328 steps of the tower to the viewing platform to exercise willpower over his fear of heights. &lt;br /&gt;The view from the tower is the best way to appreciate the importance of water to the city and its proximity to the Rhine, reached by the River Ill which briefly divides to create the island on which the old city stands. The quais on the Rhine make Strasbourg the second largest port on the river. Paris-like bateaux mouches take you past Vauban’s imposing defensive dam of the 1680s, its dark inner recesses now stuffed with stored sculpture, and on to the European institutions that make Strasbourg the closest Europe has to a capital – the Palace of Europe, the European Parliament and Richard Rogers’ striking Court of Human Rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For most visitors it is the wealth of timber-framed buildings lining the streets of the medieval cité that makes it such a pleasure to wander round. The quarter known as ‘Petite France’ is particularly picturesque. But for those wanting to appreciate the architectural evolution of the city, the tourist office produces an excellent Strolling in Strasbourg booklet with six themed walks and maps. They can be easily cut short by hopping on one of the five tram routes which are much the easiest and cheapest way to get around the city. Trams B and E heading north, for example, take you through the Imperial quarter of the city, built after the siege of 1870; it is now recognised as a fine example of urban planning with a cluster of large civic buildings around place de la République, including the Art Nouveau Civic Baths of 1908.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;A tram will also take you to the city’s most historic park: the Droits de l’Homme stop on tram E (direction Robertsau Boecklin) is only a few yards from the Parc de l’Orangerie, which was laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodelled as an English garden for Napoléon’s first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais. The large area has a mixture of formal gardens with topiary and straight, tree-lined avenues. Besides a lake and a playground, there is a small zoo which includes some pointy-eared Siberian lynxes, reintroduced into the nearby Vosges Mountains in 1983. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Napoléon was popular in Alsace, and Palais Rohan off place du Château became his residence after it was refurbished in 1805. Today it houses the Decorative Arts, Fine Arts and Archaeology museums. The recently updated Strasbourg Historical Museum on place de la Grande-Boucherie should not be missed for an enjoyable journey through 500 years of the city’s history, with exhibits of military objects, drawings, paintings and etchings. It also includes a 78-square-metre relief model of the city made from papier-mâché and silk, one of 144 made for Louis XIV (most are in Les Invalides in Paris). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-167856322633276291?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/167856322633276291/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/strasbourg.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/167856322633276291'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/167856322633276291'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/strasbourg.html' title='Strasbourg'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TRJCeLpA4EI/AAAAAAAATTk/MS_HVDM2Aaw/s72-c/untitled.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8513712093764488908</id><published>2010-12-17T12:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-17T12:35:15.230-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQvJU6IfSxI/AAAAAAAATOA/Xq7aMVxhSl8/s1600/d5209237l.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" n4="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQvJU6IfSxI/AAAAAAAATOA/Xq7aMVxhSl8/s400/d5209237l.jpg" width="342" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5209237"&gt;http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5209237&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The present centerpiece basket is from a dessert service ordered from the Paris porcelain firm of Dihl and Guèrhard by Josephine de Beauharnais shortly after her divorce from Emperor Napoleon I in 1809. Deliveries are recorded for 1811 and 1813. Comprising over 200 pieces and intended for use at formal receptions held at Malmaison, her home outside Paris, it included four such baskets as well as baskets of variant form, gilt biscuit figures of putti at various pursuits, various shaped serving dishes or compotiers, cups and saucers and plates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Neither the shapes nor all of the decoration are unique to the service but the combination of design elements and certainly the inclusion of her crest of an Imperial eagle on a crowned ermine mantle on the important serving pieces are. Given the neo-classic taste fashionable at that time, it is not surprising to find trompe l'oeil cameo painting and silhouettes included as part of the decorative scheme. The gold ground is highly burnished and gilt with two banding patterns, both of which are used on the present centerpiece. The entire center of each plate and the sides of the ice-pails are finely painted with scenes, most likely by Jean-Louis Demarne (1744-1829) and Martin Drolling (1752-1817); the burnished gold borders ciselé with the typical bands. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Her son, Eugène de Beauharnais (1781-1824), commissioned a similar service for himself at about the same time. Smaller in scale, it included neither elaborate serving pieces nor the gilt biscuit figures of Cupid at various pursuits included in his mother's service. On his service, a simple script initial 'E' replaced her crowned crest. Differentiating the non-crested pieces for which the same shapes appear in both orders is difficult. This is particularly true of the plates. Current scholarship holds that those painted after paintings at Malmaison are from Josephine's service and those with landscapes, genre scenes and historic subjects are more likely from that made for her son.&lt;br /&gt;Upon the death of Josephine at Malmaison in 1814, Eugène and his sister Hortense inherited the contents of their mother's home including the furnishings and paintings. Although works of art were sold to satisfy her debts, the recently purchased Dihl et Guèrhard dessert service was kept by Eugène and combined with his own. In 1806, he had married Augusta Amalia Ludovika Georgia von Bayern (1788-1851), eldest daughter of Maximillian I of Bavaria. Granted the Bavarian titles of Duke and Duchess of Leuchtenberg and Prince and Princess of Eichstdt, the young couple lived in Milan, Eugène serving as Viceroy to the Kingdom of Italy for his adoptive father, Napoleon I. The family returned to Munich in 1815, eventually having seven children. Six survived into adulthood, marrying into the most prominent princely families of Europe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1839, their youngest son, Maximilian Joseph Eugene Auguste Napoleon de Beauharnais and 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg married Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, daughter of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. The Tsar only agreed to this love match between his oldest daughter and a man of inferior rank with the proviso that the couple would reside in Russia. They set up housekeeping in St. Petersburg, eventually moving into the newly built Mariinsky Palace, named after Maria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The two Dihl et Guèrhard services were shipped to St. Petersburg in 1839 along with other works of art originally from Maximillian's grandmother's collection at Malmaison. They remained in possession of the Leuchtenberg family until 1919, at which time they were absorbed into the Hermitage collections. The widow of Maximillian and Maria's youngest son Georgii took responsibility for the two dessert services, known collectively as the Eugène de Beauharnais Service, and for the family's other works of art - both pieces originally from her husband's great-grandmother's collection at Malmaison and those inherited from her mother-in-law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wary of the politically volatile situation in St. Petersburg, she made a hand-written inventory of the holdings, submitting it 10 March 1919. Coverage under such a certificate meant that the Leuchtenberg collection was now under the protection of the government and could not be removed from the premises. Regardless, Leuchtenberg House was taken over by the Soviet government (it became the Palace of Labor) and the works of art removed to storage at the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace. From there, they were eventually moved to the Winter Palace and were absorbed into the collection of the Hermitage via the State Museum Fund.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During Joseph Stalin's regime, works of art from the Hermitage collections were sold to the West as a way of obtaining hard currency. Although approximately 60 percent of the original compliment of Dihl et Guèrhard dessert wares is still retained in the Hermitage, pieces from these services can now be found at Malmaison and in other private collections.&lt;br /&gt;See Natalia Kasakiewitsch, "Das Service des Eugène de Beauharnais", Keramos, Heft 141, Juli 1993, p. 13-32 and Tamata Rappe, et al, France in Russia: Empress Josephine's Malmaison Collection, Exhibition Catalogue, Hermitage Rooms at Somerset House, London, 2007, pp. 41-55 and 86-93, cat. nos. 16-38 for a detailed discussion of the service, the history of its ownership and its decoration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAURENCE ADOLPH STEINHARDT - LAWYER, DIPLOMAT, CONNOISSEUR&lt;br /&gt;Laurence Adolph Steinhardt was a lawyer by training, an art collector by birth. From a prominent Jewish family active in the cultural life of New York, nephew of Samuel Untermyer and first cousin of Judge Irwin Untermyer whose collections form the core of many departments at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Steinhardt's home was also filled with all manner of works of art - early furniture, tapestries, kunstkammer objects. His first diplomatic posting was to Sweden in 1933. From then on until his untimely death in a plane crash in 1950, he served as United States Ambassador to Peru, the U.S.S.R, Turkey, Czechoslovakia and Canada during a time of global unrest and uncertainty. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While serving as President Franklin Roosevelt's eyes and ears in the Soviet Union immediately following the onset of World War II, Laurence Steinhardt took the opportunity of purchasing from the Russian State works of art deemed superfluous to their collections. His collector's eye was unerring. Aside from the magnificent Dihl et Guèrhard centerpiece from the Beauharnais Service, he acquired a collection of Russian icons, currently on loan to the Hillwood Museum and Gardens through the auspices of the Steinhardt-Sherlock Trust.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8513712093764488908?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8513712093764488908/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/httpwww.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8513712093764488908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8513712093764488908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/httpwww.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQvJU6IfSxI/AAAAAAAATOA/Xq7aMVxhSl8/s72-c/d5209237l.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-167189872909467161</id><published>2010-12-13T04:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-10T08:24:55.958-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='interiors'/><title type='text'>Guéridon ou Table à thé Carlin Martin</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYMNbQ2tjI/AAAAAAAATME/s_Cz_GuLJFU/s1600/resizeimage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="313" n4="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYMNbQ2tjI/AAAAAAAATME/s_Cz_GuLJFU/s400/resizeimage.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Guéridon ou Table à thé Carlin Martin (vers1730-1785) (reproductie)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;exécuté pour Madame du Barry; a appartenu à Joséphine de Beauharnais (Malmaison); guéridon: Paris; porcelaine: manufacture de Sèvres ; décor "bleu céleste".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYMhggTZgI/AAAAAAAATMI/xwlbHpX_ANQ/s1600/resizeimage+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" n4="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYMhggTZgI/AAAAAAAATMI/xwlbHpX_ANQ/s400/resizeimage+2.jpg" width="277" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYNFIUGOVI/AAAAAAAATMM/t-gNO0vzx5Y/s1600/resizeimage+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" n4="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYNFIUGOVI/AAAAAAAATMM/t-gNO0vzx5Y/s400/resizeimage+3.jpg" width="322" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-167189872909467161?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/167189872909467161/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/gueridon-ou-table-the-carlin-martin.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/167189872909467161'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/167189872909467161'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/gueridon-ou-table-the-carlin-martin.html' title='Guéridon ou Table à thé Carlin Martin'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQYMNbQ2tjI/AAAAAAAATME/s_Cz_GuLJFU/s72-c/resizeimage.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4132945441732771025</id><published>2010-12-10T13:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-09T12:36:59.439-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jewelry'/><title type='text'>watch</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQKb7Km4RGI/AAAAAAAATJU/5E5N1S5-5vI/s1600/watch1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="312" n4="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQKb7Km4RGI/AAAAAAAATJU/5E5N1S5-5vI/s320/watch1.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Featured above is an outstandingly fine, rare and historical 18K gold, enamel and diamond-set hunter case ‘petite souscription � tact’ watch, made for Josephine Bonaparte, Empress of France, and given to Hortense de Beauharnais Signed Breguet, No. 611, made for Madame Bonaparte and sold to her in 1800.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4132945441732771025?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4132945441732771025/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/watch.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4132945441732771025'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4132945441732771025'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/watch.html' title='watch'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQKb7Km4RGI/AAAAAAAATJU/5E5N1S5-5vI/s72-c/watch1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7374760388744483143</id><published>2010-12-10T13:16:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-12-10T13:18:47.945-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQKYjsUT1hI/AAAAAAAATJQ/DuA7VxpMEMY/s1600/ho29.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" n4="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQKYjsUT1hI/AAAAAAAATJQ/DuA7VxpMEMY/s640/ho29.gif" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7374760388744483143?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7374760388744483143/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/meer-fotos-click.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7374760388744483143'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7374760388744483143'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/12/meer-fotos-click.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TQKYjsUT1hI/AAAAAAAATJQ/DuA7VxpMEMY/s72-c/ho29.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7177965555812164739</id><published>2010-09-29T11:13:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-29T11:13:56.805-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TKOBrugpzpI/AAAAAAAASLE/7P6UzZ-2DK0/s1600/aglae-auguie_hortense.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" px="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TKOBrugpzpI/AAAAAAAASLE/7P6UzZ-2DK0/s1600/aglae-auguie_hortense.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7177965555812164739?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7177965555812164739/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7177965555812164739'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7177965555812164739'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TKOBrugpzpI/AAAAAAAASLE/7P6UzZ-2DK0/s72-c/aglae-auguie_hortense.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2153068394795035359</id><published>2010-09-03T11:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-03T11:16:06.326-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Gouden zegel  van Childerik I</title><content type='html'>In 1653 werd bij toeval het graf van de eerste ‘historische’ Merovingische priester-koning ontdekt, in de crypte van de kerk van Sint Brixius, in Doornik. In een gouden zegel waren de naam en het portret van Childirici Regis gegraveerd, koning Childerik I. Het koningsgraf bevatte een buitengewone schat aan juwelen: 300 gouden bijen als evenzovele symbolen van het eeuwig leven; een gouden stierenkop met een Indische swastika op het voorhoofd; een gouden zonnehoofd met uitwaaierende stralen; het gevest van een zwaard versierd met een slang; een vuistbijl, een zilveren schotel en een kristallen bol met een diameter van vier centimeter, waarvan men aanvankelijk dacht dat die gediend had om de toekomst te voorspellen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Louis XIV, de Zonnekoning, was werkelijk gefascineerd door de Schat van Childerik I. Hij geloofde dan ook dat hij verwekt werd door een zonnestraaltje. De schat zorgt nog tot vandaag de dag voor controverse: zo gaan er stemmen op die zeggen dat het zegel een vervalsing was. In 1831 werd er ingebroken in het Koninklijk Kabinet waar de schat werd bewaard, die nadien zowat in zijn geheel en ondanks verwoede naspeuringen spoorloos bleef. Zo komt het dat de historici zich moeten behelpen met de inventaris die werd gemaakt ter gelegenheid van de ontdekking van het graf. Maar in hoever is die betrouwbaar?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De bijen – en de Merovingen – hebben hoe dan ook ten zeerste tot de verbeelding van de Fransen gesproken. Voor Napoleon zich tot keizer kroonde, huwde hij nog gauw met Josephine de Beauharnais, die een afstammelinge van Clovis beweerde te zijn. De mantel die hij droeg bij zijn kroning, was bestikt met de gouden bijen. En de keizerskroon die hem door de paus op het hoofd werd gezet, trok hij uit diens handen om ze eerst op zijn eigen hoofd en daarna op dat van Josephine te plaatsen…&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2153068394795035359?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2153068394795035359/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/09/gouden-zegel-van-childerik-i.html#comment-form' title='1 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2153068394795035359'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2153068394795035359'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/09/gouden-zegel-van-childerik-i.html' title='Gouden zegel  van Childerik I'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1186933766579246457</id><published>2010-09-02T08:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-09-02T08:55:10.062-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Lezing/presentatie door Thera Coppens</title><content type='html'>donderdag 2 september 2010 09:50&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AMERONGEN - Thera Coppens, historisch schrijfster, geeft vrijdagavond 10 september een lezing met powerpoint-presentatie over Hortense, de vergeten koningin van Holland. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deze lezing vindt plaats in de bibliotheek van Amerongen aan de vooravond van Open Monumentendag waarvan het thema dit jaar 'De smaak van de 19e eeuw' is. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hortense de Beauharnais werd in 1787 als dochter van markies de Beauharnais in Parijs geboren. De Franse Revolutie maakte abrupt een einde aan de pruikentijd. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hortenses vader verloor het hoofd onder de guillotine en na 1800 kreeg de wereld een ander aanzien. Het leven van Hortense werd sindsdien bepaald door de man die met haar moeder Joséphine trouwde: de Corsicaanse generaal Napoleon Bonaparte. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keizerin Joséphine en haar dochter Hortense vormden het glanzend middelpunt van het keizerlijk hof. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toen Hortense als gemalin van koning Lodewijk, de jongere broer van Napoleon, koningin van Holland werd (1806) namen adel en rijkere burgerij haar elegante hofstijl over. In het Paleis op de Dam waar ze haar laatste tragische zomer als koningin van Holland doorbracht, is haar empire-interieur in perfecte staat bewaard gebleven.&lt;br /&gt;Na de val van Napoleon, die in de Slag bij Waterloo (1815) definitief werd verslagen, was er voor Hortense geen plaats meer in Frankrijk. Ze ging met haar kinderen in ballingschap en leidde een zwervend bestaan totdat ze zich vestigde in een kasteeltje aan de Bodensee: Slot Arenenberg. Daar heeft ze al haar artistieke en politieke talenten ontplooid. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Haar laatste levensdagen bracht ze door op haar smaakvolle kasteel aan de Bodensee waar ze in 1837 in bijzijn van haar zoon Louis Napoleon, de latere keizer Napoleon III, overleed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thera Coppens werd op 19 mei 1947 in Amsterdam geboren. Zij volgde daar een journalistieke (praktijk-) opleiding bij de Geïllustreerde Pers en specialiseerde zich in artikelen over geschiedenis en kunst. Ze debuteerde met gedichten in De Gids en korte TV spelen voor de AVRO. Ze woont sinds 1983 in Baarn met haar man Wim Hazeu. Daar is ook sinds 1988 haar Historisch Toerisme Bureau gevestigd. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Hortense, de vergeten koningin van Holland' schreef ze in 2006; inmiddels is de zesde druk ervan bij uitgeverij Meulenhoff verschenen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kaarten à €5,- zijn vanaf heden verkrijgbaar in de bibliotheek.&lt;br /&gt;Reserveren is ook mogelijk: via amerongen@rbzout.nl of telefonisch 0343-453587 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 0343-453587 end_of_the_skype_highlighting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vrijdagavond 10 september: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19.00 uur: ontvangst met hapje en drankje&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20.00 uur – 22.00 uur: lezing/presentatie door Thera Coppens incl. pauze&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1186933766579246457?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1186933766579246457/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/09/lezingpresentatie-door-thera-coppens.html#comment-form' title='1 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1186933766579246457'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1186933766579246457'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/09/lezingpresentatie-door-thera-coppens.html' title='Lezing/presentatie door Thera Coppens'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1691989613526852587</id><published>2010-08-30T09:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-30T09:48:29.845-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Vleugel van Koningin Hortense de Beauharnais, 1808</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/THvgjaciyOI/AAAAAAAARdI/_ptS5Xo0KzY/s1600/15072010-027-470.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" ox="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/THvgjaciyOI/AAAAAAAARdI/_ptS5Xo0KzY/s320/15072010-027-470.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;In 1808 zond de Parijse klavierbouwer Erard een vleugel naar de Koning in Nederland. Dat was op dat moment Lodewijk Napoleon, die het voormalige stadhuis op de Dam had omgebouwd tot woonpaleis. De vleugel was bestemd voor zijn echtgenote Hortense de Beauharnais, de muzikale stiefdochter van Napoleon Bonaparte. Het instrument werd geplaatst in de vroegere Vroedschapskamer die nu als concertzaal fungeerde.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Hortense heeft niet lang plezier gehad van de vleugel. Na de dood van haar zoontje in 1807 had zij Nederland verlaten en pas in april 1810 kwam zij weer terug naar Amsterdam. Maar Hortense kon niet aarden in het paleis; ze vond het te somber en bovendien was de sfeer tussen de echtelieden slecht. Een maand later verliet zij Nederland en keerde er niet meer terug.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Weer een maand later vertrok ook Lodewijk Napoleon en de vleugel bleef achter in het Paleis op de Dam. Sinds het aantreden van Koning Willem I in 1813 is het instrument eigendom van het Nederlandse hof. De vleugel staat sinds 1972 in bruikleen in de vaste opstelling van het Haags Gemeentemuseum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Voor de vleugel is gebruik gemaakt van mahoniehout en de klankkast is versierd met bronzen ornamenten, geïnspireerd op de klassieke oudheid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://archief.koninklijkhuis.nl/Actueel/Fotogalerij/Tentoonstelling_Koninklijk_Huisarchief/Oranje_en_Muziek/Vleugel_van_Koningin_Hortense_de_Beauharnais_1808//"&gt;&lt;span style="color: magenta;"&gt;Lees hier het origineel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1691989613526852587?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1691989613526852587/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/08/vleugel-van-koningin-hortense-de.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1691989613526852587'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1691989613526852587'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/08/vleugel-van-koningin-hortense-de.html' title='Vleugel van Koningin Hortense de Beauharnais, 1808'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/THvgjaciyOI/AAAAAAAARdI/_ptS5Xo0KzY/s72-c/15072010-027-470.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6115732935633433568</id><published>2010-07-03T11:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-03T11:36:49.213-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>Josephine and Napoleon</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TC-C8JhFjRI/AAAAAAAAPy8/Garr44uFIUk/s1600/Josephine-kneels-before-Napoleon-during-his-coro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" rw="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TC-C8JhFjRI/AAAAAAAAPy8/Garr44uFIUk/s400/Josephine-kneels-before-Napoleon-during-his-coro.jpg" width="380" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A saying goes, "Love is a many splendid thing. Love lifts us up where we belong." Love can make even the toughest and hardest of hearts mellow, it can turn the wisest into simple fools and emperors to mere imploring souls. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon Bonaparte, we all know him as the great Emperor of France. Now, a man of such decree we don't imagine to be a compassionate, romantic soul. But it seems otherwise for he had been a true, passionate lover to a hazel eyed beauty named Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marie Josèphe was born on June 23, 1763 to a white Creole family who owned a sugar plantation. Although the family was once rich, by the time she was born, they were not as prosperous, since a hurricane destroyed their estate in 1766. So, Marie Josèphe was not brought up to meet the standards of the high society of France. But she is lucky and was married to aristocracy - Alexander de Beauharnais. She bears two children with Alexander - Eugène (1781) and Hortense (1783).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marie Josèphe is a fast learner. Although the financial status of her family did not permit her to indulge in mingling with socialites, she learns fast and few years later she becomes one of France's most popular social-butterflies fondly known as Rose. Also, with that comes her habit of spending beyond her means. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Her plentiful life soon comes to an end as she and her husband both get arrested during the French revolution. Alexander was executed on July 23, 1794 and she too expects the same fate on herself. But her fate would not have it that way and in July Maximilien Robespierre and his supporters were arrested and executed. Thus The Terror was over and Josephine was released on August 6, 1794, after almost four months in prison. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meeting Napoleon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tale of Josephine and Napoleon's encounter bears many versions. But in all, one character remains mutual - France's leading political figure Paul Barras. Following her return from Prison and reuniting with her children, Paul was one of Josephine's closest friends. But some versions of this story claim that she was his mistress. One thing remains certain - it was Paul Barras that was responsible for the meeting between Napoleon and Marie Josèphe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the time of their meeting, Napoleon was on the lookout for a suitable woman for marriage. With his high position of authority at a very young age, he found himself in a situation where the generals and almost all other officers he commanded were older than him. Therefore he had concluded that if he married an older, rich woman, he could claim to be older than he actually was and thereby earn more respect from his officers. Barras who was aware of Napoleon's intentions had made provisions for both to meet at a party. (Some texts claim that he arranged for them to meet as Barras wished to get rid of Marie Josèphe as he had found a new mistress.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another popular version, which many historians claim is also less likely is the following. According to Marie Josèphe's daughter, Hortense;s journals - Memoirs of Queen Hortense (2v), published in 1927:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Following the riots on the 13th Vendémiaire a law was passed forbidding any private citizen to have weapons in his house. My brother, unable to bear the thought of surrendering the sword that had belonged to his father, hurried off to see General Bonaparte, who at that time was in command of the troops stationed in Paris. He told the General he would kill himself rather than give up the sword. The General, touched by his emotion, granted his request and at the same time asked the name of his mother, saying he would be glad to meet a woman who could inspire her son with such ideals…"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In spite of how they met, one thing was for certain. At their first meeting itself, Josephine managed to captivate this great emperor with her charm. He was head over heels in love with her; it was it was love at first sight! Refusing to call her Rose, he names her Josephine and from then on, she was known among everyone as Josephine. The Emperor begins to pursue this beauty and it is evident through many letters which he had written to her. One really famous example, appears to follow an amusing evening, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;December 29, 1975 - Paris &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I awake full of you. Your image and last evening's intoxication have left my senses no repose whatever.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sweet and incomparable Josephine, what a strange effect do you produce upon my heart! Are you vexed? Do I see you sad? Are you troubled? . . . My soul is crushed with grief, and there is no repose for your lover; but is there any the more when, abandoning myself to the profound emotion which masters me, I draw from your lips, from your heart, a flame which consumes me? Ah! It was last night I really understood that your portrait was not you!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are leaving at noon; I shall see you in three hours. Meanwhile, mio dolce amor, a thousand kisses; but do not give me any, for they burn my blood…"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6115732935633433568?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6115732935633433568/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/07/josephine-and-napoleon.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6115732935633433568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6115732935633433568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/07/josephine-and-napoleon.html' title='Josephine and Napoleon'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/TC-C8JhFjRI/AAAAAAAAPy8/Garr44uFIUk/s72-c/Josephine-kneels-before-Napoleon-during-his-coro.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2623101551023746591</id><published>2010-05-27T23:51:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-27T23:51:45.372-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Slot Arenenberg'/><title type='text'>Slot Arenenberg</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S_7A000sycI/AAAAAAAAPII/NfJkAaPJAy4/s1600/e6e6a9528d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gu="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S_7A000sycI/AAAAAAAAPII/NfJkAaPJAy4/s320/e6e6a9528d.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Am Rande der Schweiz, mit Blick auf den Bodensee und das nahe Deutschland, liegt der Arenenberg mit seinem Schloss und dem berühmten Park. Ohne Hintergrundwissen ist dieser Schlosspark nur einer unter vielen. Macht man sich aber erst einmal mit der Geschichte vertraut, so eröffnen sich der Fantasie ungeahnte Welten aus längst vergangenen Zeiten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die Wege im Park finden in Untersee und Insel Reichenau ihre spielerische Fortsetzung. Bilder: Napoleonmuseum Thurgau (1,4), Alice Grosjean (2,3)Hortense de Beauharnais, Exkönigin von Holland und Mutter von Louis Napoleon, erwarb 1817 das Gut. Sie war eine Gartenliebhaberin und liess auf dem Arenenberg einen kaiserlichen Landschaftspark errichten, in dem später auch Louis Napoleon, ihr Sohn und letzter Kaiser Frankreichs, gespielt und gross geworden ist. Entstanden nach englischem Vorbild und mit französischem Geschmack der Königin, sollte sich der Park in die Natur eingliedern, die Landschaft um sich herum aufnehmen und in sich wiedergeben. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;"Der Park ist wie ein Bilderbuch", sagt Dominik Gügel, Direktor des Napoleonmuseums auf dem Arenenberg. Schaut man beim zweiten Mal genauer hin, so versteht man, was er meint: Ein Weg schlingt sich in Serpentinen den Hügel hinauf, die Kurven werden im See und auf der gegenüber liegenden Insel Reichenau imaginär fortgesetzt, sie fügen sich perfekt in die Landschaft ein. Hier fuhren einst die Kutschen der kaiserlichen Besucher durch die Rebberge zum Schloss hinauf. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Schaut man einen anderen Weg hinunter, der früher eine mit Pappeln besetzte Allee war, so richtet sich der Blick genau gen Paris, ein anderes Detail, welches den Kaiser früher von der Ferne träumen liess. "Es sind viele Spielchen versteckt in diesem Park und noch lange nicht alle davon sind uns heute bekannt", meint Gügel. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;So stehe im Park eine Brücke, welche Napoleon III sogar eigenhändig erbaut haben soll. Dass sich der Park heute wieder fast in seiner ursprünglichen Form befindet, so wie er von Hortense und Louis Napoleon gebaut wurde, ist der Stiftung Napoleon III zu verdanken. Da die Rekonstruierung des Parks vom Kanton nicht finanziert werden konnte, übernahm sie 2004 das Projekt, an dem noch immer gearbeitet wird. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Unter den Bäumen im Park befindet sich eine kleine Grotte, wo Hortense gesessen und ihrer Freundin Amalie Zephyrine, Fürstin von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Briefe geschrieben haben soll. Kennt man diese kleinen, aber feinen Geschichtchen, so fällt es einem sofort leicht, sich in diese vergangenen Zeiten zu denken, als die Leute noch Briefe mit Tinte schrieben und Frauen in weiten Kleidern, mit Fächern und Sonnenschirmchen durch Pärke spazierten. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Ein ehemaliger Eiskeller hilft der Fantasie ebenso auf die Sprünge wie eine etwas erhöhte Plattform, von welcher aus Musiker vermutlich die Gäste unterhielten. Wenn man sich dann noch vorstellt, wie sich die adlige Prominenz des 18. Jahrhunderts auf einem der zahlreichen Gartenfeste im Park vergnügte, die Mädchen um den Springbrunnen zu Musik tanzten und den Gästen Wein in edlen Gläsern serviert wurde, so erwacht noch in jedem der Romantiker. Denn haben wir nicht alle einmal von Prinzen, Prinzessinnen, Kutschen und Schlössern geräumt?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2623101551023746591?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2623101551023746591/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/slot-arenenberg.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2623101551023746591'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2623101551023746591'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/slot-arenenberg.html' title='Slot Arenenberg'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S_7A000sycI/AAAAAAAAPII/NfJkAaPJAy4/s72-c/e6e6a9528d.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7524195036812045458</id><published>2010-05-12T13:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-12T13:36:53.807-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paleis'/><title type='text'>Het Koninklijk Paleis op de Dam</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-sQU1wQlBI/AAAAAAAAOmA/G1ypOTCEVf8/s1600/gouden-eeuw-afb1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="332" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-sQU1wQlBI/AAAAAAAAOmA/G1ypOTCEVf8/s400/gouden-eeuw-afb1.jpg" width="400" wt="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘Het Paleis van de Inquisitie’ &lt;br /&gt;(Hortense in haar mémoires)&lt;br /&gt;Toen koning Lodewijk Napoleon besloot om van Amsterdam de hoofdstad van het land te maken, verkoos hij het oude Stadhuis op de Dam - dat bekend stond als het Achtste Wereldwonder - als zijn Koninklijk Paleis.&lt;br /&gt;Meteen klonk van alle kanten een krachtig advies: ‘Niet doen, Majesteit!’&lt;br /&gt;Een raadgever vatte de bezwaren samen: ‘Het stadhuis bezit alle nadelen en geen enkel voordeel dat essentieel is voor het paleis van een soeverein. Koude, vochtige, zeer grote en droefgeestige kamers zonder enig gemak en gerief. ‘&lt;br /&gt;Maar Lodewijk Napoleon was een eigenwijs man en zette zijn zin door. Onder leiding van de Franse architect Thibaut vond de kostbare verbouwing en herinrichting plaats. Nieuwe gordijnen, dure meubels en bedden, kroonluchters, spiegels en tapijten werden naar binnen gedragen. Aan de Damzijde moest een verguld smeedijzeren balkon komen, zodat de koning vandaar de huldebetuigingen van zijn onderdanen in ontvangst kon nemen. De voormalige Vierschaar waarin eeuwenlang doodvonnissen waren uitgesproken, deed dienst als koninklijk hofkapel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In april 1810 arriveerde koningin Hortense met de kleine kroonprins in het nieuwe paleis. Ze vergeleek het meteen met het paleis van de inquisitie: ‘Mijn appartement keek uit op een kerk,‘ schreef ze in haar mémoires, ‘de atmosfeer was er vreselijk en als je de ramen openzette, kwam er uit de gracht (Nieuwe Zijds Voorburgwal T.C.) alleen maar een putlucht en een walm van zwavel naar binnen. (..) Men kon zich geen triester woonoord voorstellen.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De koning en koningin die in onmin leefden, spraken geen woord tegen elkaar. Hoewel er een nieuwe, mooie pianoforte stond verging Hortense zelfs de lust tot zingen en componeren: ‘Na het eten liet de koning zijn vingers over de openstaande Pianowandelen. Hij trok zijn zoon op schoot, knuffelde hem, nam hem mee op het balkon dat op het plein uitkeek. Als het volk hen zag, klonk er gejuich. (..) Ik zat op een stoel maar te kijken naar wat zich in de kamer afspeelde, zonder een woord uit te brengen.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De koningin bracht haar dagen door met het lezen van Engelse horror romans. Op een dag liet Lodewijk Napoleon in de schitterende Burgerhal La Vestale opvoeren, van de Italiaanse componist Gaspare Spontini. Het was het favoriete lyrische theaterstuk van Hortenses moeder, dat aan keizerin Joséphine was opgedragen. De koningin kon haar tranen niet inhouden toen de getergde Julia in de eerste acte haar verlangen naar haar geliefde bezong. Verstikt door heimwee naar Frankrijk, gekweld door haar bizarre echtgenoot, ondermijnd door haar zwakke gezondheid vluchtte Hortense in de zomer naar Paleis Het Loo. Daar voelde ze zich nauwelijks beter en ze reisde verder naar Plombières om er te kuren. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ze zou nooit meer in Holland terugkeren.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thera Coppens&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7524195036812045458?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7524195036812045458/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/het-koninklijk-paleis-op-de-dam.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7524195036812045458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7524195036812045458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/het-koninklijk-paleis-op-de-dam.html' title='Het Koninklijk Paleis op de Dam'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-sQU1wQlBI/AAAAAAAAOmA/G1ypOTCEVf8/s72-c/gouden-eeuw-afb1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2835214140208943069</id><published>2010-05-11T11:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-11T11:51:44.597-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hortense de Beauharnais'/><title type='text'>Hydrangeas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-mmwB-4wkI/AAAAAAAAOiI/eUj1HFQPm10/s1600/Hortense-de-Beauharnais-Girodet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-mmwB-4wkI/AAAAAAAAOiI/eUj1HFQPm10/s400/Hortense-de-Beauharnais-Girodet.jpg" tt="true" width="325" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Hydrangeas are called hortensias in French, and I often read that they were so named by Empress Joséphine in honor of her daugher Hortense de Beauharnais, Queen of the Netherlands. Joséphine was indeed a passionate botanist and cultivated hydrangeas in her gardens of Malmaison.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the Hortense connection, romantic as it sounds, is in doubt. Hydrangeas were discovered in China by the French physician and naturalist Philibert Commerson. He introduced them to the King’s Garden at l’Ile Maurice (Mauritius) in 1768 under the name Hortensia opuliodes, and did not reach continental France until years later. Hortense de Beauharnais was born in 1783…&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2835214140208943069?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2835214140208943069/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/hydrangeas.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2835214140208943069'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2835214140208943069'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/hydrangeas.html' title='Hydrangeas'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-mmwB-4wkI/AAAAAAAAOiI/eUj1HFQPm10/s72-c/Hortense-de-Beauharnais-Girodet.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8379279604731402070</id><published>2010-05-08T14:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-12T13:36:29.781-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paleis'/><title type='text'>Paleis op de Meir</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-XVGhUCvhI/AAAAAAAAOd4/560qXJdOyJA/s1600/inline_Koninklijk_paleis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-XVGhUCvhI/AAAAAAAAOd4/560qXJdOyJA/s320/inline_Koninklijk_paleis.jpg" tt="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;De opening van het Paleis op de Meir in Antwerpen heeft zaterdag voor een ware overrompeling gezorgd. Naar schatting 3.000 bezoekers hadden er op de piekmomenten wachttijden tot twee uren voor over om het gerenoveerde gebouw te bezichtigen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;zaterdag 8 mei 2010 &lt;br /&gt;Het Paleis is meer dan 250 jaar oud en was ooit nog eigendom van Napoleon, Willem I der Nederlanden en het Belgische koningshuis. Intensief gebruik en periodes van leegstand lieten echter hun sporen na en daarom sloot het gebouw eind vorige eeuw zijn gehavende deuren voor een grondige restauratie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na de nodige face-lifts gooit het Paleis dit weekend opnieuw zijn deuren open. Het heeft enkele opmerkelijke zalen en vertrekken zoals de appartementen van Napoleon, de Spiegelzaal van Leopold II en het Hollands salon van Willem I.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ook zondag kunnen de salons nog bezocht worden, maar vroeg genoeg komen én geduld oefenen zijn de boodschap. Na het openingsweekend zijn de salons enkel te bezoeken na reservatie en onder begeleiding van een gids. (belga/mvdb)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meer info: www.paleisopdemeir.be&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8379279604731402070?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8379279604731402070/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/paleis-op-de-meir.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8379279604731402070'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8379279604731402070'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/05/paleis-op-de-meir.html' title='Paleis op de Meir'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-XVGhUCvhI/AAAAAAAAOd4/560qXJdOyJA/s72-c/inline_Koninklijk_paleis.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4434104438527859499</id><published>2010-04-24T12:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-24T12:27:06.172-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='esskultur'/><title type='text'>imperiale Esskultur</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9NF9xPO4qI/AAAAAAAAN0o/sXoy86Wi8_s/s1600/kultur_museum_jpg_7379202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9NF9xPO4qI/AAAAAAAAN0o/sXoy86Wi8_s/s320/kultur_museum_jpg_7379202.jpg" tt="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Goldene Schale aus dem Besitz der Kaiserin Joséphine in der Arenenberger Ausstellung 2010 »Zu Tisch - à table!« FOTO: Ingeborg Kunze&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Massimo, »Maître de Cuisine Ihrer kaiserlichen Hoheit Prinzessin Hortense de Beauharnais« auf dem Arenenberg über dem Bodensee, dem Exilsitz der Adoptivtochter und Schwägerin des Franzosenkaisers Napoleon I., und Mutter des Franzosenkaisers Napoleon III., hat es 1805 für Kaiserin Joséphine und Napoleon komponiert und auf Schloss Malmaison bei Paris serviert. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In diesem Sommer wird imperiale Esskultur neu inszeniert. Zwei Mal wird Massimos Menü originalgetreu, nach den alten Rezepten, gekocht und zahlenden Gästen aufgetischt: in der »Krone« in Gottlieben gleich neben Konstanz, wenige Kilometer entfernt von dem Schlösschen über dem See, das den Bonapartes nach der Verbannung aus Paris zweite Heimat war. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hier beginnen Napoleonmuseums-Direktor Dominik Gügel und seine Historiker-Kollegin Christina Egli mit der Führung durch die neue Ausstellung »Zu Tisch - à table! Köstlichkeiten aus fürstlichen Küchen und Kellern«. Beim anschließenden »kaiserlichen Dinner« in Gottlieben bringen Egli und Gügel zwischen den Gängen Anekdoten aus der kulinarischen Welt der Bonapartes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abendfüllend das Thema, tagesfüllend überdies die ganze Sommersaison und angereichert mit einem Begleitprogramm: Gügel lädt am 29. April zum Vortrag zur Ausstellung »Gastlicher Arenenberg. Ein kulinarischer Spaziergang zwischen dem 15. und dem 21. Jahrhundert«. Am 9. Mai kocht der Küchenchef des Gottliebener Nobelrestaurants vor Gästen und für Gäste in einem Küchenstudio mitten in der Konstanzer Altstadt ein historisches Vier-Gänge-Menü nach Rezepten aus der Napoleonzeit. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ungewöhnliche Einblicke &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christina Egli schaut der mit Hortense befreundeten Hohenzollern-Fürstin Amalie Zephyrine am 10. Juni in die Haushaltsbücher und gibt damit einen ungewöhnlichen Einblick in ein besonderes Stück Kulturgeschichte. Der skandalösen Fürstin hatte Hohenzollern seine Weiterexistenz nach der napoleonischen Neuordnung Europas zu verdanken. Um die Weine des kaiserlichen Clans geht es am 26. August mit der Meersburger Sommelière Mary Schäfer. Am Schauplatz der sich über mehrere Stockwerke des Bodensee-Schlosses sich ausbreitenden Ausstellung höfischer Kultur des Essens und Trinkens zwischen 1800 und 1900 - zusammengestellt in Zusammenarbeit mit der Réunion des musées nationaux in Paris und dem Museo Napoleonico in Rom - gibt es zwischen den 13-Gänge-Menü-Terminen (25. April, 26. September) am 14. August ein »kaiserliches Galadiner« in den Räumen des Schlosses, fünf Gänge, Musik und Anekdoten aus der Zeit des imperialen Jet-Sets des Empire. &lt;br /&gt;Erlesene Porzellane, exquisites Kristall und Texte von Alexandre Dumas, Verfasser der »Drei Musketiere« und eines »Wörterbuchs der Kochkunst«, das ein österreichischer Verlag wieder aufgelegt hat, seltene und kostbare, aber auch merkwürdig anmutende Exponate aus fürstlichen Haushaltsbeständen illustrieren die Tischkultur des 19. Jahrhunderts. Der Besucher erfährt, dass ein Diner auf Aluminiumgeschirr zur Zeit Napoleons III. zu den teuersten Vergnügungen gehörte. (zz) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.napoleonmuseum.tg.ch/"&gt;http://www.napoleonmuseum.tg.ch/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4434104438527859499?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4434104438527859499/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/imperiale-esskultur.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4434104438527859499'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4434104438527859499'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/imperiale-esskultur.html' title='imperiale Esskultur'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9NF9xPO4qI/AAAAAAAAN0o/sXoy86Wi8_s/s72-c/kultur_museum_jpg_7379202.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6339647973624157537</id><published>2010-04-22T11:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-22T11:09:03.108-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><title type='text'>Les lettres de Joséphine de Beauharnais aux enchères Lundi 29 Mars 2010</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9CQev60JNI/AAAAAAAANyw/eqJoHUJGPrQ/s1600/9d321a08-3b15-11df-b29e-078ef3ad738d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9CQev60JNI/AAAAAAAANyw/eqJoHUJGPrQ/s320/9d321a08-3b15-11df-b29e-078ef3ad738d.jpg" wt="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;«Tout est fini, il abdique…» Pour cette lettre de Joséphine adressée, en avril 1814, à Eugène de Beauharnais, le marteau de Me Jean-Pierre Osenat est tombé à 86 745 euros (avec frais), samedi, à Fontainebleau, dans une salle archicomble où les musées français et les Archives nationales ont brillé par leur absence de préemption faute de moyens ! Une sacrée déception pour le commissaire-priseur, qui a pourtant totalisé 700 000 euros, un montant deux fois supérieur à ce qu'il attendait. Heureusement, il y avait de nombreux privés totalement sous l'émotion devant cet ensemble unique de 50 lettres de l'impératrice réuni par un collectionneur français et suivi de 400 documents la concernant ou touchant à l'histoire de la Révolution française et du Premier Empire. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;C'est donc un Suisse qui a emporté ce lot phare sur la chute de l'Empire, à près de dix fois son estimation. C'est encore un Suisse qui a acquis, à 45 000 euros au marteau (il faut rajouter 30 % de frais !), les trois lettres poignantes du divorce. Celles-ci ont dépassé la fameuse missive amoureuse de 1796, adjugée 39 655 euros, également à un Suisse:«Mon mari ne m'aime pas, il m'adore, je crois qu'il deviendra fou», écrit Joséphine, le 5 thermidor de l'an V, à sa «bonne petite» Thérésa Cabarrus, l'épouse de Jean-Lambert Tallien.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;La Suisse a toujours eu une passion pour Marie-Josèphe-Rose Tascher de La Pagerie, dite «Joséphine», née en 1763 à la Martinique, car elle possédait une maison sur les bords du lac Léman (juste à côté de celle de l'Aga Khan) où elle passa beaucoup de temps, une fois séparée de Napoléon. Après s'être mariée en première noce avec Alexandre de Beauharnais, qui lui donna deux enfants, elle le quitta pour épouser civilement Napoléon Bonaparte en mars 1796. Proclamée impératrice en 1804, Joséphine fut contrainte de divorcer en 1809, faute de pouvoir donner à l'empereur une descendance. Elle se retira au château de la Malmaison et mourut de pneumonie le 29 mai 1814.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Si Gérard Héritier, fondateur du Musée des lettres et manuscrits et gros acheteur dans les ventes ces dernières années, n'était pas à ce grand rendez-vous des fans de l'Empire, d'autres collectionneurs n'ont pas manqué de se manifester. Sans la concurrence du Musée de la Malmaison, qui n'avait visiblement pas de fonds, un amateur français, pilier de toutes les ventes de Me Osenat sur le sujet, en a profité pour acheter, à 21 000 euros (plus les frais), le Règlement pour la Malmaison signé en 1808 par l'impératrice, le seul exemplaire connu en mains privées.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;«Toute la vente a fait des prix fous. Ce sont des records. Jusque-là, les lettres les plus belles de Joséphine n'avaient jamais dépassé les 8 000 à 10 000 euros», estime Pierre-Jean Chalençon, vice-président des amis de la petite Malmaison. Et même la reine Hortense, fille de Joséphine et reine de Hollande, a été emportée dans ce tourbillon. Une de ses bagues, sertie de brillants à son chiffre, s'est envolée, dimanche, à plus de 26 000 euros (frais compris), soit plus de quatre fois l'estimation. L'Empire contre-attaque.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6339647973624157537?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6339647973624157537/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/les-lettres-de-josephine-de-beauharnais.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6339647973624157537'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6339647973624157537'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/les-lettres-de-josephine-de-beauharnais.html' title='Les lettres de Joséphine de Beauharnais aux enchères Lundi 29 Mars 2010'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9CQev60JNI/AAAAAAAANyw/eqJoHUJGPrQ/s72-c/9d321a08-3b15-11df-b29e-078ef3ad738d.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8969475675508606149</id><published>2010-04-22T10:24:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-30T13:00:24.243-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fashion'/><title type='text'>Kleding van Joséphine de Beauharnais</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9s2u22mxWI/AAAAAAAAOR0/vJWnndso660/s1600/linen-cupboard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9s2u22mxWI/AAAAAAAAOR0/vJWnndso660/s640/linen-cupboard.jpg" tt="true" width="460" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9CIkKPscjI/AAAAAAAANyQ/368v0OnoWIc/s1600/mirror.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9CIkKPscjI/AAAAAAAANyQ/368v0OnoWIc/s320/mirror.jpg" wt="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://madameguillotine.org.uk/2010/01/23/the-romance-of-certain-old-clothes/"&gt;&lt;span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"&gt;http://madameguillotine.org.uk/2010/01/23/the-romance-of-certain-old-clothes/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Op dit weblog &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;staan prachtige foto's van de kleding&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;kroningsring&amp;nbsp; e.a. van&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Keizerin Josephine de Beauharnais&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8969475675508606149?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8969475675508606149/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8969475675508606149'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8969475675508606149'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/blog-post.html' title='Kleding van Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S9s2u22mxWI/AAAAAAAAOR0/vJWnndso660/s72-c/linen-cupboard.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4130403652753786018</id><published>2010-04-22T10:05:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-22T10:05:17.604-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Songs of Queen Hortense'/><title type='text'>Love Songs of Queen Hortense (stepdaughter Napoleon) at Palace 't Loo - PART II</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="385" width="640"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/7eiGytgGFGc&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/7eiGytgGFGc&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4130403652753786018?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4130403652753786018/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/love-songs-of-queen-hortense_22.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4130403652753786018'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4130403652753786018'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/love-songs-of-queen-hortense_22.html' title='Love Songs of Queen Hortense (stepdaughter Napoleon) at Palace &apos;t Loo - PART II'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6532279498089404434</id><published>2010-04-22T10:03:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-22T10:03:43.068-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Songs of Queen Hortense'/><title type='text'>Love Songs of Queen Hortense (stepdaughter Napoleon) at Palace 't Loo</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="385" width="640"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/1w8VCR9dgsk&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/1w8VCR9dgsk&amp;amp;hl=nl_NL&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6532279498089404434?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6532279498089404434/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/love-songs-of-queen-hortense.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6532279498089404434'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6532279498089404434'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2010/04/love-songs-of-queen-hortense.html' title='Love Songs of Queen Hortense (stepdaughter Napoleon) at Palace &apos;t Loo'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-5426473189543290127</id><published>2009-12-13T12:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-04-14T12:26:35.874-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>mourning ring</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;LONDON.- Sir John Soane’s Museum in London and independent charity The Art Fund today announce the return of a lost treasure to the Museum – a gold mourning ring containing a lock of Napoleon’s hair, one of Sir John Soane’s prized possessions. This acquisition is a triumph for the Museum, which was unable to acquire the ring at auction earlier this year. The mourning ring originally belonged to Sir John Soane, celebrated architect and founder of the eponymous Museum, founded in 1833. It was one of his most treasured private possessions, but was not left to his Museum, featuring on his will among other items to be kept “as heir looms in my family”. However, it eventually passed out of the family’s ownership and was deemed ‘lost’. This autumn, thanks to a £30,000 grant from The Art Fund and support from Soane enthusiasts, the museum reclaimed this lost treasure for a total of £41,000 and returned it to its original home. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ring first went on sale at Christie’s in June this year - marking the first time the Museum had had news of its whereabouts since Soane’s death in 1837. One of only two pieces of jewelery specifically bequeathed to Sir John Soane’s family, the ring was recognized as a significant, personal, item to be returned to Sir John’s extraordinary collection. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the day of the June sale, the Museum was the under-bidder. Frustration turned to delight, however, when the buyer learned of the Museum’s interest and felt that the ring should return to its original home. With the generous support of The Art Fund and private donors, The Soane was finally able to purchase the ring as it had hoped, enabling the Museum to enhance its presentation of another aspect of Sir John’s complex and enthusiastic personality. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tim Knox, Director of Sir John Soane’s Museum said: “Soane had a horrible fascination with Napoleon and this ring, with its plait of the vanquished Emperor’s hair, was the ultimate trophy. We are thrilled to get it back to its old home.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like many fashionable, literary and aristocratic people of his time, Soane was fascinated by Napoleon. The lock of hair contained in the ring was presented to Sir John by Elizabeth (Betsy) Balcombe who was the daughter of an official on St Helena where Napoleon was imprisoned. As a child, Betsy became a favorite of the Emperor and she later wrote memoirs of their friendship. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sir John Soane’s Museum Archive contains the following brief letter of presentation from Miss Balcombe: “Knowing how much Mr. Soane esteems the reliques of great men Miss E. Balcombe presents him with a lock of Bonaparte’s hair received by her from the hands of that great Personage.” Soane must have commissioned the ring to contain this ‘relique’. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hallmarked London 1822, the year after Napoleon’s death on St Helena , the ring contains a lock of plaited brown hair. A French inscription on the inside reads (in English): “This lock of hair of Napoleon Buonaparte was presented to John Soane Esquire by Miss Elizabeth Balcombe.” It also includes the words Prier Pour Moi (pray for me). The French inscription is something Soane might well have chosen, particularly in the context of Napoleon, as he had a passion for all things French. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The creation of a commemorative mourning ring adds an additional dimension to Soane’s fascination with the Emperor, something clearly expressed in a number of places in his museum, but in particular in an arrangement of items on the south wall of the Breakfast Room displaying two contrasting portraits of Napoleon – one as a young and idealistic soldier, the other as the bloated Emperor on the eve of his downfall. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SyVQ1_EDCCI/AAAAAAAAJew/Y5fKurDGLYo/s1600-h/Sir-John-Soanes-Museum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="284" ps="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SyVQ1_EDCCI/AAAAAAAAJew/Y5fKurDGLYo/s400/Sir-John-Soanes-Museum.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-5426473189543290127?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/5426473189543290127/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/12/mourning-ring.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5426473189543290127'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/5426473189543290127'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/12/mourning-ring.html' title='mourning ring'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SyVQ1_EDCCI/AAAAAAAAJew/Y5fKurDGLYo/s72-c/Sir-John-Soanes-Museum.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3669846956059342707</id><published>2009-10-31T15:36:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-31T15:37:09.131-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Malmaison'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Suy79Fr9xtI/AAAAAAAAIg0/pqococgAMK8/s1600-h/Jacob_Cartonnier_small.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 213px; height: 291px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Suy79Fr9xtI/AAAAAAAAIg0/pqococgAMK8/s400/Jacob_Cartonnier_small.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5398896711483377362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Attribué à Jacob Frères&lt;br /&gt;Cartonnier de Napoléon Ier et de Joséphine &lt;br /&gt;provenant de la bibliothèque de&lt;br /&gt;La Malmaison, après 1796&lt;br /&gt;Acajou, amarante, chêne, cuir, carto, marbre,&lt;br /&gt;cuivre, brone doré - 151 x 102 x 41 cm&lt;br /&gt;Montréal, Musée des Beaux-Arts&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-3669846956059342707?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/3669846956059342707/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/attribue-jacob-freres-cartonnier-de.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3669846956059342707'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3669846956059342707'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/attribue-jacob-freres-cartonnier-de.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Suy79Fr9xtI/AAAAAAAAIg0/pqococgAMK8/s72-c/Jacob_Cartonnier_small.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6154309208476879875</id><published>2009-10-28T14:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-14T12:50:16.485-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Thérésa Tallien'/><title type='text'>Thérésa Tallien</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4J2U0aNI/AAAAAAAAIbk/oPRID-E2VAs/s1600-h/cabarrus%2520theresa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397766632744708306" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4J2U0aNI/AAAAAAAAIbk/oPRID-E2VAs/s400/cabarrus%2520theresa.jpg" style="float: left; height: 365px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 245px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She was born Juana María Ignazia Teresa de Cabarrús y Galabert in Carabanchel Alto, Madrid, Spain to François Cabarrus, a French financier, and Maria Antonia Galabert, the daughter of a French industrialist based in Spain. Thérésa's father founded and governed the bank of San Carlos, which became the Royal Bank of Spain, and was King Joseph I of Spain's Minister of Finance. In 1789, he was knighted by King Charles IV of Spain with the title of count.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From 1778 to 1783, Thérésa was raised by nuns in France. She was a student of the painter Jean-Baptiste Isabey. She returned home to the family castle briefly in 1785, and then her father sent her back to France at twelve years old to complete her education and get married.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first of her many love affairs was with Alexandre de Laborde; however, the young couple was forced to separate as de Laborde's powerful father, Jean-Joseph de Laborde, disapproved of her. Cabarrus then arranged for his "very beautiful" daughter to marry a rich, powerful Frenchman in order to strengthen his position in France. On February 21, 1788, Thérésa was married to Jean Jacques Devin Fontenay (1762-1817), the last Marquis de Fontenay, a wealthy aristocrat described as small, red and ugly. The bride was fourteen years old. Even though in the 1780s Thérésa had begun to take an interest in Liberalism and the principles of the Revolution, she was presented at the court of King Louis XVI. The newlyweds visited the royal court of Spain as well. On May 2, 1789, Thérésa had a son, Devin Théodore de Fontenay (1789-1815), whose father was perhaps Felix le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, brother of Louis-Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4KGKX_hI/AAAAAAAAIb0/9ziR8cdM09E/s1600-h/ist2_4180227-theresa-tallien.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397766636995870226" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4KGKX_hI/AAAAAAAAIb0/9ziR8cdM09E/s400/ist2_4180227-theresa-tallien.jpg" style="float: left; height: 380px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 257px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When her husband fled at the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, she resumed her maiden name and obtained a divorce in 1791. She took refuge in Bordeaux, where she was arrested and jailed as the former wife of an émigré aristocrat. She met Jean Lambert Tallien, &lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui6B49XpLI/AAAAAAAAIcE/oMVFxjLN6C0/s1600-h/images.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397768695035962546" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui6B49XpLI/AAAAAAAAIcE/oMVFxjLN6C0/s400/images.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 137px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 97px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;the Commissary of the National Convention, who saved her from the guillotine, and became his mistress; through his influence, Thérésa Tallien obtained the release of many prisoners. She accompanied him when he was recalled to Paris, only to be imprisoned on Maximilien Robespierre's orders first in La Force prison, then in Carmes prison where she met Joséphine de Beauharnais. She married Tallien on 26 December 1794. She and Tallien had a daughter, Thermidor Tallien (1795-1862) who married Count Felix de Narbonne-Pelet in 1815.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Her husband joined the conspiracy to oust Robespierre, and on July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor), Thérésa was released. Tallien had arranged her liberation, and soon after that of Joséphine de Beauharnais. Thérésa was a moderating influence on her husband: after the outbreak of the Thermidorian Reaction, she earned the moniker Notre-Dame de Thermidor ("Our Lady of Thermidor") as the person who was most likely to intervene in favor of the detained.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4KVPNA3I/AAAAAAAAIb8/3pfJkre_HSo/s1600-h/isabey_theresia_cabarrus_1795.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397766641042654066" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4KVPNA3I/AAAAAAAAIb8/3pfJkre_HSo/s400/isabey_theresia_cabarrus_1795.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 320px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 297px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thérésa became one of the leaders of the Parisian social life. Her salon was famous and she was one of the originators of the Neo-Grec women's fashion of the French Directory period. She was a very colorful figure; one story is that she was said to bathe in the juice of strawberries for their healing properties. She once arrived at the Tuileries Palace, the then chief residence of Napoleon Bonaparte, supported by a black page, with six sapphire rings in the feet, eight in the hands, two gold bracelets in the ankles, eighteen in the arms and a forehead band full of rubies. On another occasion she appeared at the Paris Opera wearing a white silk dress without sleeves and not wearing any underwear. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand commented: "Il n'est pas possible de s'exposer plus somptueusement!" ("It is not possible to exhibit oneself more sumptuously!").&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marriage to Riquet&lt;br /&gt;Tallien's power waned and he and Thérésa divorced in 1802. After a brief flirtation with Napoleon, she moved first to the powerful Paul Barras, whose former mistress was Napoleon's first wife Joséphine; then to the millionaire speculator Gabriel-Julien Ouvrard (with whom she had four children); and finally, attempting to regain respectability and to get away from Paris, she married the much younger François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet, Comte de Caraman, on 22 August 1805 - he had become the sixteenth Prince of Chimay after the death of his childless uncle in 1804. She spent the rest of her life first in Paris, then on the Chimay estates (now in Belgium). After the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, these became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4KAjGbKI/AAAAAAAAIbs/70LpfCCIoxI/s1600-h/Adler_-_Madame_Tallien.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397766635488963746" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4KAjGbKI/AAAAAAAAIbs/70LpfCCIoxI/s400/Adler_-_Madame_Tallien.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: left; height: 349px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 310px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She had become one of the most famous women of her age, and she resented this role. Once when she appeared at the Louvre accompanied by her children, so many spectators flocked to see her up close, that she had to escape down a staircase to save herself. The marriage to Caraman meant that she returned to the class in which she had been born - and educated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The couple invited musicians such as Daniel Auber, Rodolphe Kreutzer, Luigi Cherubini, Charles de Bériot and Maria Malibran to Paris and later to Chimay, where Thérésa held a little court. Cherubini composed his Mass in fa at their castle there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thérésa died in Chimay, where she was interred with François-Joseph de Riquet under the sacristy of the local church where a memorial stands to her memory. She bore ten children during her various liaisons, including Joseph de Riquet, first son of François-Joseph-Philippe, who became the seventeenth Prince of Chimay in 1843.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Children&lt;br /&gt;Thérésa bore ten children by various husbands and lovers. Her firstborn was her son Antoine François Julien Théodore Denis Ignace de Fontenay (1789-1815), followed by a daughter, Rose Thermidor Thérésa Tallien (1795-1862).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She had one child by Barras, born in 1797, who died at birth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ouvrard was allegedly the father of four of her children, born during her marriage to Tallien:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6154309208476879875?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6154309208476879875/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/theresa-tallien.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6154309208476879875'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6154309208476879875'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/theresa-tallien.html' title='Thérésa Tallien'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui4J2U0aNI/AAAAAAAAIbk/oPRID-E2VAs/s72-c/cabarrus%2520theresa.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8140041198759538809</id><published>2009-10-28T14:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-28T14:20:01.752-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Charles Maurice de Talleyrand'/><title type='text'>Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui1fOwBOFI/AAAAAAAAIbU/xwoSFsVJw0k/s1600-h/2381529.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 267px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui1fOwBOFI/AAAAAAAAIbU/xwoSFsVJw0k/s400/2381529.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397763701543614546" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Van 1788 tot 1791 was hij bisschop van Autun. In 1789 sloot hij zich aan bij de Nationale Grondwetgevende Vergadering van de Derde stand en werkte hij mee aan de Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et des Citoyens. Op zijn voorstel ging de Nationale Vergadering over tot secularisatie van de geestelijke goederen. In 1790 werd door hem een mis opgedragen op het Champ de Mars ter herdenking van de val van de Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Omdat hij in 1791 de eed op de grondwet aflegde (als eerste katholieke geestelijke), werd hij door paus Pius VI geëxcommuniceerd. Gedurende de Terreur verbleef hij - wegens zijn connecties met Lodewijk XVI - veiligheidshalve in Engeland en de Verenigde Staten. Na zijn terugkeer was hij van 1797 tot 1807 minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, en opvolger van Charles Delacroix.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hij steunde Napoleon Bonaparte bij de staatsgreep van 18 Brumaire in 1799. Hij werd Napoleons topdiplomaat, maar werd tot wanhoop gedreven door diens tomeloze veroveringsdrift die volgens Talleyrand wel een keer fout moest aflopen; zo bezwoer hij Napoleon in 1808 om zich niet in het Spaanse wespennest te steken, maar tevergeefs. Het liep inderdaad op een ramp uit, en leidde tot een nieuw type oorlog: de guerrilla, die gesteund werd door Britse invasietroepen. In september 1808, toen Napoleon daar trachtte een alliantie met Rusland aan te gaan, merkte Talleyrand achter diens rug om tegen de tsaar op: "het Franse volk is beschaafd, maar zijn keizer is het niet; de soeverein der Russen is beschaafd, maar zijn volk niet". De onderhandelingen liepen dan ook op niets uit. Dit 'verraad van Erfurt' zou hij in zijn memoires omschrijven als de redding van het machtsevenwicht in Europa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Als Napoleon eind 1808 in Spanje verblijft wegens de escalerende oorlog aldaar, wordt in Parijs een tijd lang niets van hem vernomen en er ontstaan geruchten dat hij dood is. Talleyrand raakt betrokken bij plannen om keizerin Josephine dan maar tot regentes uit te roepen. Napoleon keert in januari 1809 terug en komt achter deze 'samenzweerderij'. In een dertig minuten durend onderhoud wordt Talleyrand de huid vol gescholden ('een zijden kous vol stront') en hij wordt ontslagen. Hij weet een totale val in ongenade te voorkomen en treedt zelfs af en toe op als adviseur. Hij was al "Grand Chambellan" maar als het keizerrijk op instorten staat benoemt Napoleon hem in januari 1814 tot lid van de regentschapsraad. Als enig lid van deze raad blijft hij door een list in Parijs als de coalitietroepen de hoofdstad naderen. Hij kan daarop de onderhandelingen met de vijand beginnen en de senaat voor bekrachtiging van deze onderhandelingen bijeenroepen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na de val van Napoleon zette hij zich in voor de terugkeer van de Bourbons. Na het aftreden van de keizer in 1814 kreeg Talleyrand de leiding over de voorlopige regering. Lodewijk XVIII benoemde hem opnieuw tot minister van Buitenlandse Zaken.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Talleyrand nam in 1815 deel aan het Congres van Wenen en bewerkstelligde de terugkeer van de Bourbons in Napels. Omdat hij niet bij machte was gunstiger voorwaarden voor Frankrijk binnen te halen, trad hij af. Na de Julirevolutie werd hij benoemd tot Frans ambassadeur te Londen (1830-1834) en werkte mee aan het regelen van de Belgische kwestie.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8140041198759538809?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8140041198759538809/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/charles-maurice-de-talleyrand.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8140041198759538809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8140041198759538809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/charles-maurice-de-talleyrand.html' title='Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/Sui1fOwBOFI/AAAAAAAAIbU/xwoSFsVJw0k/s72-c/2381529.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8316571127956228489</id><published>2009-10-25T14:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-14T12:50:53.470-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Charles Maurice de Talleyrand'/><title type='text'>Citaten van Charles Maurice de Talleyrand</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuTE16l7AvI/AAAAAAAAIYw/12_AZ0n67oY/s1600-h/371.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="400" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396654684037120754" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuTE16l7AvI/AAAAAAAAIYw/12_AZ0n67oY/s320/371.jpg" style="float: left; height: 400px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 341px;" width="341" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Geestigheid dient tot alles, maar leidt tot niets." &lt;br /&gt;Frans: "L'esprit sert à tout, mais il ne mène à rien." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Hij denkt dat hij doof is omdat hij niet langer van zich hoort spreken." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Hoed u voor eerste opwellingen; ze zijn bijna altijd juist." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Niets kalmeert zó als een genomen besluit." &lt;br /&gt;Frans: "Rien ne calme comme une décision prise." &lt;br /&gt;Citaat afkomstig uit: Pensées (1912) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Spreek nooit kwaad van uzelf, dat zullen uw vrienden wel voor u doen." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Verwaarloos de eerste indruk niet, hij is de goede, vooral wanneer hij slecht is."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8316571127956228489?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8316571127956228489/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/citaten-van-charles-maurice-de.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8316571127956228489'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8316571127956228489'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/citaten-van-charles-maurice-de.html' title='Citaten van Charles Maurice de Talleyrand'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuTE16l7AvI/AAAAAAAAIYw/12_AZ0n67oY/s72-c/371.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4958085941081037992</id><published>2009-10-25T14:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-25T14:37:55.385-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Madame Talleyrand-Périgord'/><title type='text'>Madame Talleyrand-Périgord</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuTCtgA96eI/AAAAAAAAIYo/8Sb9VQDMQqM/s1600-h/h2_50_135_2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 376px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuTCtgA96eI/AAAAAAAAIYo/8Sb9VQDMQqM/s400/h2_50_135_2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396652340440590818" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Madame Grand (Catherine Noele Worlée, 1762–1835), Later Madame Talleyrand-Périgord, Princesse de Bénévent, 1783&lt;br /&gt;Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (French, 1755–1842)&lt;br /&gt;Was born in India and married George Grand, an Englishman in the colonial civil service. After amorous adventures in Calcutta and London, she settled in Paris in 1783, the year this portrait was exhibited at the Salon. She was eventually divorced and in 1802 married the diplomat Talleyrand. Contemporary descriptions of Madame Grand's Nordic beauty match her appearance here. Her expression, reminiscent of the seventeenth-century Italian painter Guido Reni, may also have been intended to suggest her indolent and ingenuous nature.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4958085941081037992?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4958085941081037992/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/madame-talleyrand-perigord.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4958085941081037992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4958085941081037992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/madame-talleyrand-perigord.html' title='Madame Talleyrand-Périgord'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuTCtgA96eI/AAAAAAAAIYo/8Sb9VQDMQqM/s72-c/h2_50_135_2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-947498793152895712</id><published>2009-10-25T14:05:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-25T14:39:19.247-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Auguste Amalia Ludovika'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eugène de Beauharnais'/><title type='text'>Eugène de Beauharnais, de broer van Hortense.</title><content type='html'>Prinses Auguste Amalia Ludovika (Straatsbug, Duitsland, 21 juni 1788 - München, Duitsland, 13 mei 1851), was de oudste dochter van Maximilian I Joseph van Beieren en Auguste Wilhelmine van Hessen-Darmstadt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuS9pfjlx9I/AAAAAAAAIYY/LGClOrXvJwY/s1600-h/300px-Auguste_van_Beieren.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 256px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuS9pfjlx9I/AAAAAAAAIYY/LGClOrXvJwY/s400/300px-Auguste_van_Beieren.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396646774039758802" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Op 14 januari 1806 trouwde ze met Eugène de Beauharnais, de broer van Hortense. Ze kregen 7 kinderen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuS-GZzQ-fI/AAAAAAAAIYg/17q_mp7p41Q/s1600-h/Eugene_de_Beauharnais.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 265px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuS-GZzQ-fI/AAAAAAAAIYg/17q_mp7p41Q/s400/Eugene_de_Beauharnais.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396647270711097842" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-947498793152895712?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/947498793152895712/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/prinses-auguste-amalia-ludovika.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/947498793152895712'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/947498793152895712'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/prinses-auguste-amalia-ludovika.html' title='Eugène de Beauharnais, de broer van Hortense.'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuS9pfjlx9I/AAAAAAAAIYY/LGClOrXvJwY/s72-c/300px-Auguste_van_Beieren.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4979371942730327958</id><published>2009-10-25T04:18:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-26T04:11:46.564-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fashion'/><title type='text'>Kashmir shawl, c.1810</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSKIXDQ0-I/AAAAAAAAIUw/27dl8npt7QE/s1600-h/pf2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 229px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSKIXDQ0-I/AAAAAAAAIUw/27dl8npt7QE/s400/pf2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396590129727984610" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuQ1UgZDfzI/AAAAAAAAISg/8TtSW-kyyAY/s1600-h/4073b.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 182px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuQ1UgZDfzI/AAAAAAAAISg/8TtSW-kyyAY/s200/4073b.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396496879905374002" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The body of the shawl is fashioned from fine black wool twill. The sides and ends are bordered with hand woven panels. The ends are finished with different colored sections pieced together and hand embroidered with stylized designs. Each end has a unique combination of colors. &lt;br /&gt;The hand embroidery creates a work of wearable art! Note especially the whimsical hand-embroidered flowers just above the woven end panels. &lt;br /&gt;In the late 18th century, Europeans started importing these expensive shawls. They also appropriated the motifs and adapted them to embroidery and print designs. This superb period shawl was probably hand embroidered in Persia for the Western market. &lt;br /&gt;The Neoclassical or Empire style (after the Emperor Napoleon) exercised a profound influence in the early 19th century on all the arts, not least the decorative arts. The discovery of the ruins at Pompeii in 1748 was the spark that lit the flame of Neoclassicism in the arts.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4979371942730327958?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4979371942730327958/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/kashmir-shawl-c1810.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4979371942730327958'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4979371942730327958'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/kashmir-shawl-c1810.html' title='Kashmir shawl, c.1810'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSKIXDQ0-I/AAAAAAAAIUw/27dl8npt7QE/s72-c/pf2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2890815659801222700</id><published>2009-10-24T15:56:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-25T10:28:08.763-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fashion'/><title type='text'>Mode/Fashion</title><content type='html'>Kleding tijdens de Empire: 1800 – 1815&lt;br /&gt;Na de Franse Revolutie kwam in Frankrijk Napoléon Bonaparte aan de macht. Deze legerbevelhebber veroverde delen van Italië en werd na een periode als consul door de senaat tot "Keizer der Fransen" uitroepen. Napoléon vergeleek zijn macht met die van de Romeinse keizers. Napoleon brengt zijn keizerlijke macht in beeld door symbolen van Romeinse keizers te imiteren, zoals adelaars en lauwerkransen. Ook doordat aan het einde van de 18de eeuw de Romeinse steden Pompeï en Herculaneum werden opgegraven, kwam de Romeinse oudheid weer in de belangstelling; er was sprake van een Klassieke opleving. Deze Klassieke opleving zette zich ook door in de mode. Voor de dames werd nu het ideaal: gekleed te gaan als een Griekse of Romeinse dame uit de Oudheid. De Franse dames probeerden dit na te volgen door zo min mogelijk ondergoed onder dunne soepele bovenkleding te dragen. Dat betekende: geen korset of onderrok. Dit imiteren van de mode uit de oudheid wordt wel de”naakte mode” genoemd. De dames en leden graag kou om maar volgens de laatste mode gekleed te gaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOLS3ux-PI/AAAAAAAAIQo/nXCJaIweyG8/s1600-h/318px-1810-Johann-Klein-dress.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 212px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOLS3ux-PI/AAAAAAAAIQo/nXCJaIweyG8/s400/318px-1810-Johann-Klein-dress.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396309934834055410" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vrouwen: &lt;br /&gt;Zij droegen een eenvoudige vormloze japon met korte mouwtjes. &lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOMOPzf1MI/AAAAAAAAIQw/R1wSHjcJRYo/s1600-h/1818x-blueleaf-bod.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 192px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOMOPzf1MI/AAAAAAAAIQw/R1wSHjcJRYo/s400/1818x-blueleaf-bod.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396310954908570818" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;De taille zit hoog, net onder de borsten. Vlak onder de buste en aan de wijd uitgesneden hals werd de jurk met een bandje ingerimpeld. Dit doet denken aan de tunica die met een koord om het middel werd vastgebonden. Er worden doorzichtige stoffen gebruikt, zoals mousseline en tule &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuONivBj-xI/AAAAAAAAIQ4/L7jTdu1QfNk/s1600-h/1807print.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 262px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuONivBj-xI/AAAAAAAAIQ4/L7jTdu1QfNk/s400/1807print.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396312406398073618" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Als de schaarsgeklede dames dan toch naar buiten gingen, droegen zij geen jas, maar zoals de Romeinen, enorme rechthoekige shawls: ook wel stola’s genoemd. Geliefd waren kashmir sjaals, van geitenhaar, gemaakt in Kashmir, India. Deze uiterst kostbare kashmirsjaals waren een felbegeerd, modieus statussymbool.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://hal.ucr.edu/~cathy/dress/shawl.html"&gt; http://hal.ucr.edu/~cathy/dress/shawl.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aan de voeten droeg men lichte zijden schoentjes zonder hak, die zo laag waren uitgesneden, dat zij met banden, die om het onderbeen werden gewikkeld, tegen het uitslippen moesten worden beschermd.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Nederland volgden de dames van stand deze Franse mode pas laat en bovendien erg aarzelend. Erg behaaglijk was de dunne jurkjes in ons klimaat natuurlijk niet. &lt;br /&gt;Om toch mee te kunnen doen, kleedden de dames zich in huidskleurige maillots en warme onderrokken. Maar dat stond natuurlijk niet zo zwoel als de transparante jurken uit Frankrijk. &lt;br /&gt;Toen Napoleon in 1804 na zijn overwinningen uiteindelijk tot keizer was gekroond, kwam er in Frankrijk weer een hof met voorgeschreven kleding. Deze periode van 1804 tot 1814 noemen we “Keizerrijk” of “Empire”. Frankrijk gaf voor heel Europa de toon aan. De belangstelling voor de Romeinse tijd werd groter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vrouwen&lt;br /&gt;De dameskleding had zich hier al bij aangepast, maar in het Empire werden de stoffen nu zwaarder en luxueuzer en de modellen strakker, zodat er nu geen sprake meer was van een “naakte mode”. Een Empirejapon had een vrij nauwe eenvoudige rok, een zeer hoge taille, en een zeer wijd decolleté, zodat het bovenstukje heel kort was. De Empirejapon heeft korte pofmouwtjes. Soms wordt er op de schouders een rechtopstaande waaiervormige kantgarnering aangebracht, die van achteren naar voren de zijkanten van de halsopening afgewerkt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mannen &lt;br /&gt;Ook de mannen kregen hun eigen mode. &lt;br /&gt;Voor de herenkleding wordt naar Engeland gekeken. Hij draagt een strakke kniebroek, een jas met lange achterpanden en een halsdoek, die losjes om het opstaande boord wordt geknoopt. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuQ6iccKfMI/AAAAAAAAITY/FY2L-0_mR9s/s1600-h/Empire+mode+19e+eeuw.jpeg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 250px; height: 370px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuQ6iccKfMI/AAAAAAAAITY/FY2L-0_mR9s/s400/Empire+mode+19e+eeuw.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396502616920980674" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoeden:&lt;br /&gt;De driessteek uit de 18e eeuw is nu veranderd in een tweesteek, die dwars werd opgezet en waarmee we Napoleon zo vaak zien afgebeeld.&lt;br /&gt;Ook worden nu bolvormige- en hoge hoeden gedragen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSKQ_OI39I/AAAAAAAAIU4/6GUladbgw5g/s1600-h/1812-pinkred-head-lacma.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 174px; height: 179px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSKQ_OI39I/AAAAAAAAIU4/6GUladbgw5g/s400/1812-pinkred-head-lacma.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396590277949972434" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Haardracht: &lt;br /&gt;De dameskapsels uit deze tijd lijken veel op die van de Grieken en Romeinse dames. Vaak worden diademen gedragen. Evenals armbanden en oorsieraden zijn deze vaak versierd met cameeën, stenen waarin een antiek vrouwenkopje is uitgesneden.&lt;br /&gt;De mannen sneden hun haar naar voorbeeld van de Romeinse keizers kort gesneden, van voren naar beneden gekamd en recht boven de wenkbrauwen afgeknipt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De dameskleding van 1815 tot 1865&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOT-i9vSXI/AAAAAAAAIRw/EIKPJbIDlPU/s1600-h/image001.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 221px; height: 314px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOT-i9vSXI/AAAAAAAAIRw/EIKPJbIDlPU/s400/image001.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396319481266915698" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tussen 1815 en 1820 verdwijnt de Empirelijn. Dit betekend dat de taille zakt en dat het decolleté hoger wordt. Tussen 1820 en 1830 verandert de dameskleding sterk.&lt;br /&gt;De dames gaan zich wederom insnoeren in de taille en door de vele onderrokken gaat de bovenrok weer hoe langer hoe wijder uitstaan. &lt;br /&gt;Van boven krijgt de japon ook een verbreding door mouwen die bij de inzet enorm wijd waren en naar beneden nauwer uitliepen. Deze mouwen bedekten weer de gehele arm. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De 19e eeuw&lt;br /&gt;Door de Franse revolutie kwam er een einde aan de overdadige versieringen van de kleding. In de tijd van Napoleon droeg men de zogenaamde ‘empirekleding’, maar ook daarna kwamen er weer grote veranderingen. De kleding van de vrouw veranderde helemaal. Jurken werden van dikker materiaal gemaakt en sloten hoger aan. Ook werd de rok weer wijder.&lt;br /&gt; Na 1850 werden de rokken zelfs heel wijd. De onderrokken werden in die tijd verstevigd door paardenhaar. Natuurlijk was deze kleding erg onhandig en de ‘tournure’ deed zijn intrede. Dit was een rok, die alleen extra ruimte had aan de achterkant. Dit benadrukte het achterwerk van de vrouwen. Een erg belangrijk feit in de 19e eeuw is de opening van het eerste Haute-couture huis in 1858 in Parijs. Dit werd gedaan door modeontwerper Charles Frederick Worth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De Romantiek (1830-1860)&lt;br /&gt;Vanaf de 19e eeuw begint mode pas echt een rol te spelen binnen de kledingdracht. De periode van de Romantiek is daar een goed voorbeeld van. Door de industrialisatie ontstaat werkloosheid. Er zijn grote verschillen tussen arm en rijk. Niet langer bepaald het hof het modebeeld, maar de burgers die rijk geworden zijn door de industrie. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De romantiek staat voor heimwee naar het verleden en dit is soms ook te zien in de dameskleding. De modebewuste vrouw droeg in de Romantiek een zeer wijde rok en een grote luifelhoed. Bovendien had zij afhangende schouders en een zeer smalle taille, maar niet alleen het verleden speelde een grote rol. Tegelijkertijd protesteerde vrouwen tegen hun ongemakkelijke kleding. De meest gebruikte stoffen waren: katoen, wol, zijde, tafzijde en batist. Deze stoffen zijn een stuk beter te verwerken en veel lichter en soepeler dan stoffen die in eerdere periode gebruikt werden. Ook in de kleuren en patroon kwam een verandering. Men ging gebruik maken van pasteltinten en smalle strepen of kleine bloemetjes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOSyH3wG9I/AAAAAAAAIRo/HyC7CBcjA3o/s1600-h/crinoline2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 294px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOSyH3wG9I/AAAAAAAAIRo/HyC7CBcjA3o/s400/crinoline2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396318168323988434" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Na 1850 werd de crinoline populair, in de volksmond hoepelrok genoemd.&lt;br /&gt;Voor de man kwamen er ook belangrijke veranderingen: het pak deed zijn intrede. Dit tijdloze kledingstuk zou 150 jaar lang hetzelfde gedragen worden: een effen jasje en broek met een vestje. Vaak had het vestje felgekleurde ruiten. Er was grote ophef toen George Sand, een Franse schrijfster, voor het eerst in het openbaar een lange broek droeg.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2890815659801222700?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2890815659801222700/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/kleding-tijdens-de-empire-1800-1815-na.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2890815659801222700'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2890815659801222700'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/kleding-tijdens-de-empire-1800-1815-na.html' title='Mode/Fashion'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuOLS3ux-PI/AAAAAAAAIQo/nXCJaIweyG8/s72-c/318px-1810-Johann-Klein-dress.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4130106606123249472</id><published>2009-10-23T12:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-23T12:48:01.188-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='The château Saint-Cloud'/><title type='text'>The château Saint-Cloud</title><content type='html'>The château was declared a bien national and emptied by the Revolutionary sales.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Saint-Cloud orangery was the setting for the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (10 November 1799), &lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuIIYE9Cm1I/AAAAAAAAINE/Ad2ndpnvJcI/s1600-h/295px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 295px; height: 313px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuIIYE9Cm1I/AAAAAAAAINE/Ad2ndpnvJcI/s400/295px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395884513282923346" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;in which the Directoire was suppressed and the Consulat declared. Less than five years later, Napoléon Bonaparte was proclaimed as Emperor of the French on 18 May 1804 at Saint-Cloud. Saint-Cloud was later used by Bonaparte's family and was their main seat along with the Palais des Tuileries in Paris.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19th century &lt;br /&gt;The ruins in 1871 Napoleon made Saint-Cloud his preferred residence and transformed the Salon de Vénus to a throne room, which Saint-Cloud had naturally lacked, but neither he nor the occupants to follow did much more to Saint-Cloud than works of interior decoration. When the Prussians captured it in 1814, they supposedly found Altdorfer's The Battle of Alexander at Issus hanging in the Emperor's bathroom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was at Saint-Cloud once again, in Monsieur's Galerie d'Apollon, that Napoléon III invested himself as Emperor of the French on 1 December 1852. During the Second Empire, Napoléon III and empress Eugénie held court at Saint-Cloud in the spring and the autumn. Napoléon III had the orangery demolished in 1862, and Eugénie transformed the bedroom of Madame into a salon in Louis XVI style.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At Saint-Cloud, Napoléon III declared war on Prussia on 28 July 1870. The heights dominating Paris were occupied by the Prussians during the siege of Paris, who shelled Paris from the grounds of the château. Counter-fire from the French hit the building, and it caught fire and burned out on 13 October 1870. Fortunately, much of its contents had been removed by Empress Eugénie after war was declared. &lt;br /&gt;The burnt-out shell.The standing roofless walls were finally razed in 1891. The pediment of the château's right wing, one of the preserved parts of the building, was bought by Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and integrated in his palace Euxinograd on the Black Sea coast.&lt;br /&gt;Today, only a few outbuildings and its park of 460 hectares remains, constituting the Domaine national de Saint-Cloud. It includes the garden à la française designed by Le Nôtre, Marie-Antoinette's flower garden (where roses for the French state are grown), a garden à l'anglaise from the 1820s (the Trocadéro garden), ten fountains, and a viewpoint of Paris known as "la lanterne", because a lantern was lit there when the Emperor Napoléon I was in residence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Pavillon de Breteuil in the park has been the home of the General Conference on Weights and Measures since 1875.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20th century &lt;br /&gt;France crowning Art and Industry, by Élias RobertThe sculpture group France crowning Art and Industry was installed in the lower part of the park in 1900.&lt;br /&gt;Many thousands of trees in the park were knocked down or badly damaged in a storm on 26 December 1999, but restoration work continues.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4130106606123249472?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4130106606123249472/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/chateau-saint-cloud.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4130106606123249472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4130106606123249472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/chateau-saint-cloud.html' title='The château Saint-Cloud'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuIIYE9Cm1I/AAAAAAAAINE/Ad2ndpnvJcI/s72-c/295px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-1374043197014739690</id><published>2009-10-23T12:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-23T12:23:15.268-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Elisabeth de Vaudey&lt;br /&gt;Elisabeth le Michaud d'Arcon de Vaudey (1773-1833) was famous for her affair with French Emperor Napoleon I, which was a cause of a violent scene between the Emperor and his wife Joséphine shortly before their coronation. Elisabeth de Vaudey was a member of the lower nobility, described by her contemporaries as "a very pretty woman, witty, a musician, with a nice voice, well educated, but also very much an intriguer."Thiebaud, J.-M. &amp; Tissot-Robbe, G. Elisabeth le Michaud d'Arcon: Maitresse de Napoleon. (Yens sur Morges: Cabedita, 2006): "tres jolie personne, spirituelle, musicienne, voix sympathique, tres instruite, mais aussi tres intrigante." By another she is described as "charming, entirely graceful, entirely sweet, with a pretty face, very good teeth, admirable blonde hair, an aquiline nose (if a bit long, hooked and of plain character), a remarkable hand, a very small foot."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She was chosen to be a lady-in-waiting for the Empress Joséphine, and took her oath at the Château de Saint-Cloud on 1 July 1804. On 24 July, de Vaudey was with the Emperor on a trip to visit the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle to improve his fertility. On this trip, de Vaudey caught Napoleon's attention and became his favorite mistress at the time. The affair was tumultuous and short-lived, however, and was the scene for one of the most famous romantic episodes of Napoleon. Eventually Joséphine's jealously became aroused and she grew to suspect that the two were having an affair. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The letter in which Napoleon accepted the resignation of Mlle. de VaudeyOn 25 October of the same year, while Joséphine was in the salon entertaining guests at Saint-Cloud, through the window she saw de Vaudey quickly leave her apartment. She suspected something, and after telling her confidant Mme. de Rémusat her plans, she went to Napoleon's chamber only to find him absent. There was a small staircase which led from Napoleon's room to a small apartment on the higher level and after climbing the staircase Joséphine heard the two of them talking, and even mentioning Joséphine's name. Joséphine froze and then knocked on the door and ordered them to open it. After a long delay, the door was opened, with the room in obvious disarray. De Vaudey broke into tears. Napoleon, who had experienced the jealousy of his wife on previous occasions, was red with anger. Joséphine, although she feared the consequences, lashed out at the two of them with fierce remonstrances. Before Napoleon could respond, she left quickly and returned to the salon in a state of anxiety. Soon after, Napoleon approached her in her bedchamber and gave vent to his fury. He said he was sick of her spying on him, and was going to divorce her and marry a woman who could give him an heir. The threat was too much for Joséphine and she broke down. Napoleon's anger was only abated after his adopted daughters soothed him and encouraged him to reconcile with their mother. Eventually the two made up, and only a few weeks later were crowned Emperor and Empress by Pope Pius VII at Notre-Dame Cathedral. Mme. de Vaudey meanwhile had fled the palace that same day and was soon ordered by Napoleon to resign her post. The official reason was that she was a terrible spendthrift, and was constantly in debt due to her insatiable appetite for shopping and "having fun" and always looked to the Imperial treasury to provide her with funds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although this is true, one cannot mistake the timing of this episode, and it is likely that the affair of 25 October contributed no small part in her departure. De Vaudey submitted her resignation letter to Joséphine, but without "going into any details", as she was ordered to do. She lost her title and imperial allowance on 29 October 1804 (7 brumaire, an XIII). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuICkhFGzmI/AAAAAAAAIM0/KAmxCluiuPY/s1600-h/200px-Napoleon_de_Vaudey_letter.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuICkhFGzmI/AAAAAAAAIM0/KAmxCluiuPY/s400/200px-Napoleon_de_Vaudey_letter.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395878129921609314" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The letter in which Napoleon accepted the resignation of Mlle. de Vaudey&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-1374043197014739690?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/1374043197014739690/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/elisabeth-de-vaudey-elisabeth-le.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1374043197014739690'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/1374043197014739690'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/elisabeth-de-vaudey-elisabeth-le.html' title=''/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuICkhFGzmI/AAAAAAAAIM0/KAmxCluiuPY/s72-c/200px-Napoleon_de_Vaudey_letter.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2494453833064583053</id><published>2009-10-22T13:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-25T11:25:37.174-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Campan (1752-1822)'/><title type='text'>M.me Campan (1752-1822)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSYG6GIibI/AAAAAAAAIVw/GIKM7FeC1o4/s1600-h/180px-Jeanne_Louise_Henriette_Campan.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 228px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSYG6GIibI/AAAAAAAAIVw/GIKM7FeC1o4/s400/180px-Jeanne_Louise_Henriette_Campan.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396605497938315698" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, born Henriette Genet (2 October 1752, Paris - 16 March 1822, Mantes) was a French educator and lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette before and during the French Revolution. Her father, whose name was Genest, was first clerk in the foreign office, and, although without fortune, placed her in the most cultivated society. At the age of fifteen she could speak English and Italian, and had gained so high a reputation for her accomplishments as to be appointed reader to the three daughters of Louis XV. At court she was a general favorite, and when she bestowed her hand upon M. Campan, son of the secretary of the royal cabinet, the king gave her an annuity of 5000 livres as dowry. She was soon afterwards appointed first lady of the bedchamber by Marie Antoinette; and she continued to be her faithful attendant until she was forcibly separated from her at the storming of the Tuileries on 10 August 1792.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Madame Campan survived the dangers of the Terror, but after the 9th of Thermidor finding herself almost penniless, and being thrown on her own resources by the illness of her husband, she bravely determined to support herself by establishing a school at St Germain. The institution prospered, and was patronized by Hortense de Beauharnais, whose influence lead to the appointment of Madame Campan as superintendent of the academy founded by Napoleon at Écouen for the education of the daughters and sisters of members of the Legion of Honor. This post she held until it was abolished at the restoration of the Bourbons, when she retired to Mantes, where she spent the rest of her life amid the kind attentions of affectionate friends, but saddened by the loss of her only son, and by the calumnies circulated on account of her connexion with the Bonapartes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She died in 1822, leaving valuable Mémoires sur la vie privee de Marie Antoinette, suivis de souvenirs et anecdotes historiques sur les règnes de Louis XIV.-XV. (Paris, 1823); a treatise De l'Education des Femmes; and one or two small didactic works, written in a clear and natural style. The most noteworthy thing in her educational system, and that which especially recommended it to Napoleon, was the place given to domestic economy in the education of girls. At Écouen the pupils underwent a complete training in all branches of housework.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2494453833064583053?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2494453833064583053/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/mme-campan-1752-1822.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2494453833064583053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2494453833064583053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/mme-campan-1752-1822.html' title='M.me Campan (1752-1822)'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSYG6GIibI/AAAAAAAAIVw/GIKM7FeC1o4/s72-c/180px-Jeanne_Louise_Henriette_Campan.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6324473843504071204</id><published>2009-10-22T13:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-22T13:18:05.213-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Flûte à champagne de la reine Hortense de Beauharnais épouse en  1802</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuC94On7VMI/AAAAAAAAILM/Wbt4l-qafKc/s1600-h/Hortense%2520_Beauharnais.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 224px; height: 375px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuC94On7VMI/AAAAAAAAILM/Wbt4l-qafKc/s400/Hortense%2520_Beauharnais.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395521127285740738" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flûte à champagne de la reine Hortense de Beauharnais épouse en  1802, de Louis Bonaparte, devenue Reine de Hollande en 1806 &lt;br /&gt;et Mère du futur Napoléon III.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6324473843504071204?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6324473843504071204/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/flute-champagne-de-la-reine-hortense-de.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6324473843504071204'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6324473843504071204'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/flute-champagne-de-la-reine-hortense-de.html' title='Flûte à champagne de la reine Hortense de Beauharnais épouse en  1802'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuC94On7VMI/AAAAAAAAILM/Wbt4l-qafKc/s72-c/Hortense%2520_Beauharnais.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3047445267566625845</id><published>2009-10-22T12:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-22T12:15:00.918-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Vernieuwingen onder bewind Napoleon'/><title type='text'>Vernieuwingen onder bewind Napoleon</title><content type='html'>Gedurende het bewind van Napoleon werden veel bestuurlijke en nuttige vernieuwingen in het door Frankrijk beheerste gebied ingevoerd. Nadat de Franse legers verdreven waren, bleven in de vroegere Franse gebieden veel van deze vernieuwingen toch gehandhaafd omdat deze hun nut ondertussen bewezen hadden:&lt;br /&gt;. We rijden in Europa rechts. &lt;br /&gt;. In het gehele gebied werden dezelfde maten en gewichten zoals de kilo, de meter en de liter ingevoerd; oude lokale maten werden afgeschaft. &lt;br /&gt;. Een gestandaardiseerd bevolkingsregister werd ingevoerd: de Burgerlijke stand. Mensen moesten een definitieve achternaam opgeven. Voorheen waren achternamen veelal plaatselijke bijnamen of stond men bekend als 'de zoon/dochter van X'. Veel mensen wilden hieraan eigenlijk niet meewerken en gingen er van uit dat deze achternamen na de ondergang van Napoleon weer zou worden afgeschaft. Sommigen kozen daarom 'ludieke' namen als Naaktgeboren of Poepjes en zadelden hun nakomelingen zo onbedoeld met een vreemde achternaam op. &lt;br /&gt;. Veel (burgerlijke) wetgeving stamt uit deze tijd, (zie de Code Napoleon). Sommigen vonden de Code Napoleon, het Franse burgerlijk recht, een enorme verbetering ten opzichte van het eigen lokale recht. Het nieuwe wetboek schiep immers een rechtstaat waarin alle onderdanen gelijk zijn voor de wet, en waarin de rechtspraak openbaar is. Tegenstanders vonden dat Napoleon geen rekening hield met de zo verschillende lokale gewoonten en afspraken. Invoering van de dienstplicht riep eveneens weerstand op, zeker toen de vraag naar soldaten door de maar voortdurende oorlogen toenam.&lt;br /&gt;. De maatschappelijke standen werden afgeschaft en hiermee tevens de speciale voorrechten en privileges van de geestelijkheid en de aristocratie. Dezen hadden voortaan dezelfde rechten en plichten als de burgerij. &lt;br /&gt;. Veel versnipperde kleine staatjes, vorstendommen en heerlijkheden werden samengevoegd tot grotere overzichtelijke eenheden zoals in het gebied van het aloude Heilige Roomse Rijk waar vele kleine vorstendommen en staatjes bijeen gevoegd werden (Reichsdeputationshauptschluss). Een voorbeeld was de nieuwe Rijnbond. In het gebied van Nederland werd in deze tijd het departement van de Neder-Maas gevormd: de latere provincie Limburg in het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Dit bestond voorheen uit talloze versnipperde gebiedjes en heerlijkheden. &lt;br /&gt;. Onderwijs en gezondheidszorg werden beter geregeld en beter toegankelijk gemaakt voor de gewone burgers. &lt;br /&gt;. Carrièremogelijkheden voor iedereen in overheidsbestuur en leger (de hogere functies hierin waren voorheen bijna uitsluitend het terrein van de aristocratie) omdat vanaf Napoleon iemands capaciteiten belangrijker werden dan iemands afkomst.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-3047445267566625845?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/3047445267566625845/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/vernieuwingen-onder-bewind-napoleon.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3047445267566625845'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/3047445267566625845'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/vernieuwingen-onder-bewind-napoleon.html' title='Vernieuwingen onder bewind Napoleon'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-2324637945276456942</id><published>2009-10-22T12:05:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-25T11:28:47.059-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Marie Walewska'/><title type='text'>Marie Walewska</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSYX1gDDNI/AAAAAAAAIV4/PrF8IImjJgU/s1600-h/fron_marwales.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 120px; height: 101px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSYX1gDDNI/AAAAAAAAIV4/PrF8IImjJgU/s400/fron_marwales.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396605788762606802" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Warsaw, January, 1807.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Letter 1:&lt;br /&gt;I saw no one but you, I admired no one but you, I want no one but you.&lt;br /&gt;Answer me at once, and assuage the impatient passion of N. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Letter 2:&lt;br /&gt;Didn't you like me, Madame? I had reason to hope you might .... Or perhaps I was wrong. &lt;br /&gt;Whilst my ardour is increasing, yours is slackening its pace. &lt;br /&gt;You are mining my repose! &lt;br /&gt;Ah! grant a few moments' pleasure and happiness to a poor heart that is only waiting to adore you. &lt;br /&gt;Is it so difficult to let me have an answer? You owe me two. &lt;br /&gt;N.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Letter 3: &lt;br /&gt;There are times - I am passing through one now - when hope is as heavy as despair. &lt;br /&gt;What can satisfy the needs of a smitten heart, which longs to throw itself at your feet, but is held back by the weight of serious considerations, paralysing its keenest desires? &lt;br /&gt;Oh, if only you would!... &lt;br /&gt;No one but you can remove the obstacles that keep us apart. &lt;br /&gt;My friend Duroc will make it quite easy for you. Ah! come! come! You shall have all you ask. &lt;br /&gt;Your country will be dearer to me, once you have had pity on my poor heart.&lt;br /&gt;N.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Letter 4:&lt;br /&gt;Marie, my sweet Marie, my first thought is of you, my first desire is to see you again. &lt;br /&gt;You will come again, won't you? You promised you would. &lt;br /&gt;If you don't, the eagle will fly to you! I shall see you at dinner - our friend tells me so. &lt;br /&gt;I want you to accept this bouquet: I want it to be a secret link, setting up a private understanding between us in the midst of the surrounding crowd. &lt;br /&gt;We shall be able to share our thoughts, though all the world is looking on. &lt;br /&gt;When my hand presses my heart, you will know that I am thinking of no one but you; and when you press your bouquet, I shall have your answer back! &lt;br /&gt;Love me, my pretty one, and hold your bouquet tight!&lt;br /&gt;N.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-2324637945276456942?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/2324637945276456942/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/marie-walewska.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2324637945276456942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/2324637945276456942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/marie-walewska.html' title='Marie Walewska'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuSYX1gDDNI/AAAAAAAAIV4/PrF8IImjJgU/s72-c/fron_marwales.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-4615534504488482190</id><published>2009-10-22T11:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-25T04:40:39.951-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fashion'/><title type='text'>The Beauharnais Emeralds Earrings</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCqMH9zz9I/AAAAAAAAIKU/CVyaYsU6gmU/s1600-h/josephinenecklace.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 275px; height: 253px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCqMH9zz9I/AAAAAAAAIKU/CVyaYsU6gmU/s400/josephinenecklace.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395499478863302610" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hortense Eugénie Cécile Beauharnais was the daughter of Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie and Alexandre, the Vicomte de Beauharnais. The Vicomte was executed during France's reign of terror. Josephine married Napoleon Bonaparte who would gift his step-daughter Hortense an emerald suite that became known as the Beauharnais collection. It was fit for a Queen as Hortense became Queen Consort of Holland as the wife of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCqMV4-yGI/AAAAAAAAIKc/N-BiQ64kqHY/s1600-h/josephineearrings.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 287px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCqMV4-yGI/AAAAAAAAIKc/N-BiQ64kqHY/s400/josephineearrings.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395499482601146466" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-4615534504488482190?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/4615534504488482190/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/beauharnais-emeralds-earrings.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4615534504488482190'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/4615534504488482190'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/beauharnais-emeralds-earrings.html' title='The Beauharnais Emeralds Earrings'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCqMH9zz9I/AAAAAAAAIKU/CVyaYsU6gmU/s72-c/josephinenecklace.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-6623984259297635715</id><published>2009-10-22T11:46:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-22T11:49:38.038-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ingres'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>Ingres</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCo-VI7A8I/AAAAAAAAIKM/COfy-1FWkLw/s1600-h/Ingres_Bonaparte_as_First_Consul.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 254px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCo-VI7A8I/AAAAAAAAIKM/COfy-1FWkLw/s400/Ingres_Bonaparte_as_First_Consul.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395498142369776578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Ingres painted this portrait two years before Napoleon I was on His Imperial Throne. After Bonaparte and his wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, toured the northern departments of France in 1803, it was decided that portraits of the First Consul should be sent to five towns in the region to remind citizens of their loyalty to the new regime. Five artists-the young Ingres, Marie-Guilhemine Benoist, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Robert Lefèvre, and Charles Meynier-ultimately received commissions from the minister of the interior to paint full-length portraits of Bonaparte. Ingres's painting, destined for Liège, in present-day Belgium, shows the First Consul pointing to an August 1803 decree that designated 300,000 francs for the reconstruction of that city, which had been partially destroyed by Austrian troops nine years earlier. As with the imperial portrait, it is unlikely that Bonaparte posed for Ingres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bonaparte as First Consul&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCo-OvRlDI/AAAAAAAAIKE/EmNni2-ZtMo/s1600-h/Ingres_Napoleon_I_on_His_Imperial_Throne_detail.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 286px; height: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCo-OvRlDI/AAAAAAAAIKE/EmNni2-ZtMo/s400/Ingres_Napoleon_I_on_His_Imperial_Throne_detail.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395498140651590706" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon I on His Imperial Throne&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-6623984259297635715?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/6623984259297635715/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/ingres-painted-this-portrait-two-years.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6623984259297635715'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/6623984259297635715'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/ingres-painted-this-portrait-two-years.html' title='Ingres'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCo-VI7A8I/AAAAAAAAIKM/COfy-1FWkLw/s72-c/Ingres_Bonaparte_as_First_Consul.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-8965196116352836003</id><published>2009-10-22T11:38:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-22T11:39:45.650-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Alexandre de Beauharnais'/><title type='text'>Alexandre de Beauharnais</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCm4ppKOUI/AAAAAAAAIJ8/8a-OQvfRjHw/s1600-h/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 319px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCm4ppKOUI/AAAAAAAAIJ8/8a-OQvfRjHw/s400/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395495845771229506" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na een heel gewone opvoeding werd Joséphine wiens jeugdnaam Yeyette was binnen de familiekring, klaar gestoomd voor het instituut huwelijk. Een 'formaliteit' die in die periode niet leek op was het hedentendage is. Uitsluitend het verwekken van nazaten stond op het programma. Al het andere deed er niet toe. Daarom wat het ook heel gewoon dat manlief er een concubine op nahield. Via haar Tante Edmée Tascher de la Pagerie, die getrouwd was met Renaudin, arrangeerde men een huwelijk met stiefzoon Alexandre de Beauharnais. Het huwelijk was bepaald niet gelukkig. Alexandre, een Generaal in het Franse leger vond Joséphine maar onderontwikkeld en ergerde zich daar dood aan. Marie-Rose, zoals Joséphine vanaf haar trouwen werd genoemd, had nimmer die opleiding gekregen die haar man Alexandre wel werd toegekend. Daardoor was het verschil in inzicht bepaald niet onaanzienlijk. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marie-Rose voelde zich op haar beurt grondig verwaarloosd door de Generaal en zocht haar heil bij kennissen en vrienden die haar wel waardeerden. Toch werden uit dit huwelijk twee kinderen geboren. Dochter Hortense en zoon Eugène. Deze kinderen groeiden, dankzij de inspanningen van moeder Joséphine, voorspoedig op.Het huwelijke tussen Josèphine en haar man werd slechter en slechter. Debet daaraan was ook de stokerij van de vriendin van Alexandre, Laure de Girardin. Zij zorgde voor het gerucht dat de Generaal twijfelde aan het feit of Hortense wel zijn dochter was en niet die van een ander. Marie-Rose nam dit hoog op en zij verliet het huis van de Beauharnais. De rechter kwam eraan te pas en haar eis voor scheiding tussen tafel en bed met alimentatie werd ingewilligd. Temeer daar Alexandre de vermeende ontrouw van zijn vrouw niet kon bewijzen. &lt;br /&gt;Marie-Rose mocht voortaan haar eigen financiële zaken behartigen. Zoon Eugène bleef tot zijn vijfde levensjaar bij haar en dochter Hortense werd haar toegewezen. Het einde van Alexandre de Beauharnais was nu niet bepaald iets dat met trots in de annalen van de Franse geschiedenis kon worden bijgeschreven. Op 14 juli 1794 brak de overbekende Franse Revolvutie uit. U weet wel Liberté, Egalité en Fraternité (Vrijheid, Gelijkheid en Broederschap) waren woorden die in die periode te pas en te onpas door de bevolking en haar leiders werden gebruikt om tegenstander op te ruimen. Niet alleen Koning Louis XVI werd hiervan het slachtoffer maar ook talloze Edelen. Ook onder de legertop vielen slachtoffers, waaronder Generaal Alexandre de Beauharnais. Hij werd ervan beschuldigd bij de slag van Mainz (1793) zijn troepen, het zogenaamde Franse Rijnleger, opzettelijk te laten capituleren. De Nationale Conventie besloot dat daarvoor zijn kop eraf moest en alzo geschiedde dat op 23 juli 1974.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-8965196116352836003?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/8965196116352836003/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/alexandre-de-beauharnais.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8965196116352836003'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/8965196116352836003'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/alexandre-de-beauharnais.html' title='Alexandre de Beauharnais'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/SuCm4ppKOUI/AAAAAAAAIJ8/8a-OQvfRjHw/s72-c/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-7458883118831515411</id><published>2009-10-21T12:13:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-21T12:14:22.293-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Joséphine de Beauharnais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Napoleon'/><title type='text'>1809 Lettre Josephine a Napoleon</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/St9V_yl6dMI/AAAAAAAAIHs/q7HKTW0vTP0/s1600-h/800px-1809_Lettre_Josephine_a_Napoleon.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 280px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/St9V_yl6dMI/AAAAAAAAIHs/q7HKTW0vTP0/s400/800px-1809_Lettre_Josephine_a_Napoleon.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395125433014056130" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6154543168754098169-7458883118831515411?l=kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/feeds/7458883118831515411/comments/default' title='Reacties plaatsen'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/brief-van-josephine-aan-napoleon.html#comment-form' title='0 reacties'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7458883118831515411'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6154543168754098169/posts/default/7458883118831515411'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kleurrijkhortense.blogspot.com/2009/10/brief-van-josephine-aan-napoleon.html' title='1809 Lettre Josephine a Napoleon'/><author><name>Kleurrijk</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/00596915249757782612</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='23' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/S-cDl0GuCCI/AAAAAAAAOfg/onwMnPDVHfo/S220/DSC08272.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/St9V_yl6dMI/AAAAAAAAIHs/q7HKTW0vTP0/s72-c/800px-1809_Lettre_Josephine_a_Napoleon.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6154543168754098169.post-3547907710402783251</id><published>2009-10-21T12:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-10-21T12:08:23.574-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Malmaison'/><title type='text'>Souvenir de la Malmaison</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/St9cD6vetFI/AAAAAAAAIIc/z-SBNZDRVYY/s1600-h/SouvenirdelaMalmaison050.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 362px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_GsfeADaSCKA/St9cD6vet
