Hortense hätte doppelt Freude. Zum einen wäre die Stieftochter und Schwägerin von Napoléon I, welche Schloss Arenenberg Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts erworben hatte, begeistert von den vornehm dekorierten Christbäumen, dem leuchtenden Weihnachtsschmuck und der feierlichen Adventstimmung in ihrem Haus ob Mannenbach. Zum anderen wäre sie auch beeindruckt von dem von der Museumsleitung verfassten neuen Buch zu ihrer Person, welches in dieser Woche der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt wurde. «Hortense de Beauharnais. Schicksalsjahre einer Königin» heisst das lesenswerte Werk, das sich als Ergänzung versteht zu dem zuvor erschienenen, ähnlichen Bild- und Textband mit dem Titel «Napoléon III. Der Kaiser vom Bodensee».
Dank diesen beiden informativ und attraktiv zugleich gestalteten Biografien vermag das seit 1906 im Besitz des Kantons Thurgau stehende Anwesen literarisch zu neuem Leben zu erwachen. Und man muss auch kein blühender oder verkappter Royalist sein, um am festlich dekorierten Schloss Arenenberg Gefallen zu finden. Die vom Basler Johann Wanner feierlich dekorierten Weihnachtsbäume strahlen Stil und Klasse aus. Sie sind weder opulent noch protzig und fügen sich perfekt in das bestehende Interieur aus der Zeit des Empire ein. Ausserdem geht es nur in jedem zweiten Zimmer des zum Museum gewandelten Schlosses weihnachtlich zu und her. So ist es Johann Wanner, der sich gern als «Couturier des Weihnachtsbaumes» präsentiert und für etliche VIP – wie Lady Di und Michael Jackson – geschmückte Christbäume konzipiert haben soll, gelungen, mit seinen «kaiserlichen» Kreationen den Geist von Arenenberg einzufangen. Mit einem dazu passenden Rahmenprogramm «Noël! Noël!» versucht auch die Museumsleitung, das herausgeputzte Schloss möglichst vielen Besuchern in dieser sonst eher ruhigen Vorweihnachtszeit schmackhaft zu machen. Ganz nach dem Motto: wenn nicht jetzt, wann dann? Als weitere Attraktion wirbt das Museum auch mit dem gigantischen Christbaum, der zwischen dem Schloss und der Schlosskapelle mit der Weihnachtskrippe steht und Abend für Abend leuchtet: Als «grössten Weihnachtsbaum vom Bodensee» preist ihn das Museum an und betont, dass man ihn in klaren Nächten sogar vom weit entfernten Überlingen sehen könne.
Doch Gigantismus ist fehl am Platz. Denn Schloss Arenenberg ist ein intimes Anwesen. Klein, fein und edel, wie es auch auf dem Schloss-Prospekt heisst. Ergo müssen die Besucherzahlen bei Führungen jeweils begrenzt werden. Das gilt beispielsweise auch für die originellen Kinderanlässe, welche in dieser Adventszeit auf dem Programm stehen und für die eine Anmeldepflicht besteht. Jeweils sonntagnachmittags dürfen Mädchen und Buben im Alter von 6 bis 12 Jahren in Kostüme aus dem 19. Jahrhundert schlüpfen und wie Prinzen und Prinzessinnen gekleidet das Schloss unter fachkundiger Führung in seiner derzeitigen Weihnachtspracht erleben. Zweifellos ein unvergessliches Erlebnis für Kinder und Eltern. Für die Erwachsenen gibt es übrigens ebenfalls spezielle Rundgänge rund ums Thema Weihnachten.
Wem das alles etwas zu wenig aktiv erscheint, der hat die Möglichkeit, den Besuch von Schloss Arenenberg mit einer Herbstwanderung zu verbinden. Zwar ist die Chance gross, dass er dabei feststellen wird, dass die Bodenseeregion und auch der berühmte Seerücken oberhalb des Südufers des Untersees im Winter ein notorisches Nebelgebiet sind. So kann es passieren, dass etwa im Kanton Zürich schönste Sonne scheint, während der nördliche Thurgau einer Waschküche gleicht – oder etwas poetischer ausgedrückt: melancholisch im Nebel versinkt.
Eine bestens ausgeschilderte Wanderroute führt von Steckborn bis nach Salenstein bei Mannenbach, wo sich das Schloss Arenenberg befindet. Diese rund zweistündige Wanderung hat den Vorteil, dass man sich ganz auf den öffentlichen Verkehr abstützen kann, weil es am Start- wie auch am Zielort einen Bahnhof gibt.
Königin Hortense lebte bis zu ihrem Tod am 5. Oktober 1837 auf Schloss Arenenberg. Ihr Sohn Louis Napoléon hielt sich noch ein Jahr länger auf Arenenberg und dessen Umgebung auf. Danach musste er die Schweiz verlassen und siedelte nach England über. Nach seinem zweiten Putschversuch in Boulogne-sur-Mer wurde er verhaftet und zu lebenslänglicher Haft verurteilt. 1843 sah er sich deshalb gezwungen Schloss Arenenberg zu veräussern. Allerdings mit dem Rückkaufsrecht, von dem er 1855 als Kaiser Napoleon III. Gebrauch machte. Somit kam die Domäne wieder in den Besitz der kaiserlichen Familie. 1906 schenkte seine Witwe, Kaiserin Eugénie, Arenenberg dem Kanton Thurgau mit der Auflage, eine Erinnerungsstätte für die Bonapartes am Bodensee sowie eine öffentliche Anstalt einzurichten. Daraus entstanden das Napoleonmuseum sowie das Bildungs- und Beratungszentrum (BBZ) Arenenberg.
Above: This model of an armchair, made during the time of the National Convention in France, uses numerous symbols of the Revolution: the red Phrygian cap, the fasces, the tricolour-striped fabric and the lyre – a symbol of harmony, wisdom and moderation.
Hortense was actually an extremely accomplished musician; she loved to play the piano in particular and composed a famous French battle-song for Napoleon's troops called 'Partant pour la Syrie' ('Departing for Syria'). Napoleon loved it and had his troops sing it for Hortense!
Another one of the most unique and original rooms is Josephine's bedroom. It was decorated in a 'tent' style, with beautiful rosy pink fabrics drooping from the ceiling and covering the walls. Such a style might seem claustrophobic, but she avoided this by placing sparse bits of small, lightly decorated furniture in the room and setting her small, gilded bed towards the back of the room, facing open, airy windows. The result is a bedroom that is very cozy and friendly.
Among those documents are four pages of prose young Napoleon Bonaparte drafted in 1795. These precious pages, written in Napoleon’s hand, are not on display in any museum. Read more:mrodenberg/viewing-original-napoleon-manuscript
A rare letter in English written by Napoleon Bonaparte - and filled with errors - has fetched 325,000 euros ($410,000) at auction in Paris.
The one-page letter, dated March 9, 1816, was penned by Napoleon during his post-Waterloo exile on the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and is one of just three known to be in existence, auction house Osenat said.
Addressed to the Count of Las Cases - Napoleon's companion in exile - the letter was acquired by the private Museum of Letters and Manuscripts in Paris and originally estimated to fetch just 60,000 to 80,000 euros.
In his "Memorial of Saint Helena", Las Cases wrote about how Napoleon began to correspond with him in English in order to practise the language of his jailers.
The Count also wrote in particular about the auctioned letter, saying: "The emperor did not sleep that night - during his insomnia, he decided to write me a new letter in English."
"He sent it sealed to me, I corrected his errors, and replied to him, in English also, by mail.
He shall land above seven day a ship from Europe that we shall give account from anything who this shall have been even to day of first January thousand eight hundred sixteen.
Napoleon Bonaparte's tentative grasp of English in a letter to the Count of Las Cases
"He understood the letter, and that convinced him of his progress and proved to him that he could, completely, correspond in his new language."
Despite Las Cases' encouraging words, Napoleon's writing required some guesswork.
For instance, in one passage, he wrote: "He shall land above seven day a ship from Europe that we shall give account from anything who this shall have been even to day of first January thousand eight hundred sixteen."
Napoleon was referring to a ship from Europe that would dock in seven days, bringing news on what had happened since January 1, 1816.
After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Napoleon was imprisoned and then exiled to Saint Helena, where he died in 1821 age 51. abc/news//napoleon-letter-sold-at-auction/
Pierre-Joseph Redouté was hired with botantist Étienne Pierre Ventenat to document the vast plant collection of Joséphine de Beauharnais at Château de Malmaison. With the help of engravers, the illustrations were compiled in Jardin de la Malmaison, a book Ventenat authored. This massive undertaking was published in twenty parts in 1803. The above engraving of Nymphaeaceae caerulea, based on Redouté's painting on parchment, comes from the book.redoute-nymphaeaceae-caerulea
Amethysts are well represented in the royal families of Europe; with hues ranging from light purple to deep, vibrant purple. The most magnificent set of amethysts, at least according to this humble author, belongs to the Swedish royal family. The amethysts, which are part of the Bernadotte Family Foundation, date to the first French Empire. They were originally the property of the Empress Josephine, who in turn gave them to Princess Augusta Amalia of Bavaria when she married Josephine’s son, Eugene de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg. heir daughter Josephine of Leuchtenberg married Crown Prince Oscar of Sweden, later becoming Queen of Sweden. Incidentally, Oscar was the son of King Charles XIV John of Sweden and his wife Désirée, who was originally engaged to Napoleon Bonaparte; she had broken it off upon meeting the man she would eventually marry, becoming the Queen Consort of Sweden and Norway.
Upon her marriage to Crown Prince Oscar, Josephine brought with her an astounding collection of jewels, which included the Swedish sapphire parure, the emeralds which are now part of the Norwegian royal jewel collection, and the amethysts. The original demi-parure consisted of a necklace, pendant earrings, two bracelets, a brooch, and a corsage ornament. Queen Silvia later had the necklace mounted on a tiara frame, and the two bracelets combined with the corsage ornament to create a necklace. This provided the Swedish royal family with an amethyst tiara, necklace, pendant, brooch, and earrings. This set comprises exquisitely large amethysts of the deepest and most desirable shades of purple which are set in gold, surrounded by diamonds set in silver. Queen Silvia wore the amethysts to the wedding of the Crown Prince of Denmark (here) and to the 1984 Nobel Prize award ceremony (here);
Crown Princess Victoria has also worn them (she is seen here wearing the tiara and earrings, and here wearing the necklace without the drop pendant, together with the brooch and earrings). the royal universe
In een villa te Pompeji werden de muzen in fresco's afgebeeld.
Joséphine verwierf ze voor haar collectie op Malmaison
Eind vorig jaar reisde ik naar Chateau de Malmaison bij Parijs om de tentoonstelling De Pompéià Malmaison (inmiddels afgelopen)over de archeologische verzameling van keizerin Joséphine te zien. Voor het eerst kan men daar de kostbaarheden bewonderen die uit de as van de Vesuvius werden opgedolven om in het buitenverblijf van Joséphine te pronken. De keizerin stelde een conservator aan om haar collectie te beheren, te catalogiseren en illustreren. Haar interesse reikte van het oude Egypte, het aardewerk van de oude Grieken tot de wapens en gebruiksvoorwerpen van gladiatoren in Pompeji. (klik). historisch-toerisme-bureau
Like her grand-aunt Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Louise had to strip off her Austrian clothes upon crossing the French border, and was presented with a new, splendid trousseau (complete set of clothing, shoes and undergarments for all occasions.) Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples and Napoléon’s sister, had been put in charge of greeting the bride at the border.
So Marie-Louise wore the wedding clothes that had been chosen for her in France: a magnificent dress of silvertulle, embroidered with pearls and gold thread, and hemmed with gold fringe. A diamond tiara held a veil of Alençon lace over her blonde hair.
Marie-Louise wore white satin slippers, embroidered in silver thread. There was a minor, or not so minor from her standpoint, problem. Maybe due to a miscommunication between Vienna and Paris, the dainty shoes had been ordered too small and caused the new Empress a great deal of pain.
The Marie-Louise diadem, now part of the Smithsonian Collection, was a wedding gift from Napoleon I to his second wife, Empress Marie-Louise in 1810. The diadem was originally part of a set that also included a necklace, comb, belt buckle, and earrings, all made of emeralds and diamonds set in silver and gold. They were all made by French Jeweler Etienne Nitot et Fils of Paris.marie-louis-
"After the Revolution, woman's costume in France moved towards simplicity and freedom from both moral and physical restrictions. The new mode was pioneered by Medames Recamier and Tallien who were the leaders of the new Parisian social set known as as les merveilleuses. The ladies' clothes showed a much more definite break with the past the did those of their male counterparts, les incroyables. Panniers, bum-rolls, corsets and even petticoats were abandoned completely. From 1790 to the turn of the century, woman wore a style known asrobe en chemise which, as the name suggests, resembles the undergarment of the previous century. Never since the ancient Egypt had society ladies never seen in such a state of undress. So sheer was the material used for these gowns that, for the sake of decency, they were sometimes worn with flesh-coloured tights. The robe en chemise worn with open sandals was an attempt by Parisian ladies to copy the costume of the ancient Greeks.
They looked towards Greece not only for aesthetic inspiration but also for a philosophy upon which to base their new republic. In fact this outfit bore only the most superficial resemblance to the Greek chiton. No self-respecting Greek woman would ever have appeared in public in this state of near nudity. During the early 1790s he gown was at its very simplest, a slender shift of sheer muslin, gathered at the neck and under the breasts which gave it an extremely short waist, in contrast to the elongated waists of the previous decade. This became a feature of the early nineteenth century which, together with the sheerness of the fabric, led to the famous couplet:
The Marie-Antoinette Blue Diamond: Marie-Antoinette’s private jewelry collection contained a 5.64 carat blue heart shaped diamond which the queen had set in a ring. The queen gave the ring to her close friend Princess Lobomirska, shortly before her trail in 1791. After the Polish princess died her estate was passed to her four daughters. The diamond became the property of Count Wladimir Potocki through his marriage to one of the daughters. The blue diamond was displayed at a number of prestigious exhibitions throughout the 19th century. In 1967 it was sold to a private collector at the Palais Galliera in Paris, and in 1983 it came up for auction at Christie’s in Geneva. It belongs to a private collector in Europe and is not on displayed to the public.
This lock of Joséphine’s hair was collected by her private physician, Dr. Lamoureux, on the day of her death, May 29, 1814. Historical Provenance - Prince Murat collection.
During Napoleon's reign as Emperor of the French, there were many military schools that educated boys to make them soldiers, but the girls' education was neglected, as the National Convention had closed all convents which ensured education for girls. Napoleon created the Maisons d'éducation de la Légion d'honneur to take care the daughters - among whom many were orphans - of his best soldiers and educate them. His first project was to create a school both for sons and daughters of the soldiers dead in the Battle of Austerlitz, but this project, presented on December 7, 1805, was finally cancelled.[1]
The decree creating the Maisons d'éducation de la Légion d'honneur was signed by Napoleon on December 15, 1805, in the Schönbrunn Palace. It allowed the creation of three schools where daughters of members of the Légion d'honneur could enter if they were between 7 and 10 years old, and went out of them at 21.[1]
Hortense kwam op het bekende meisjespensionaat van Mme Campan - voormalig hofdame van Marie Antoinette – waar ze een uitstekende opleiding kreeg.
Mme Campan
Ze leerde er naast de gebruikelijke vakken ook musiceren, dansen, toneelspelen en kreeg schilder- en tekenlessen van Jean Baptiste Isabey. Hortense blonk overal in uit en kon ook nog het hardst hollen van de hele klas. Een grote gebeurtenis in haar kinderleven was, dat ze gekozen werd tot Liefste Kind van de School en als onderscheiding een kunstroos mocht dragen. Maar haar moeder kwam haar nooit bewonderen.
Her father, whose name was Genest, was first clerk in the foreign office, and, although without fortune, placed her in the most cultivated society. At the age of fifteen she could speak English and Italian, and had gained so high a reputation for her accomplishments as to be appointed reader to the three daughters of Louis XV in 1768, and lady in waiting to Marie Antionette in 1770. At court she was a general favorite, and when she in 1774 bestowed her hand upon M. Campan, son of the secretary of the royal cabinet, the king gave her an annuity of 5000 livres as dowry. The marriage was unhappy and the couple separated in 1790. She was appointed first lady of the bedchamber by Marie Antoinette in 1786; and she continued to be her attendant until she was forcibly separated from her at the storming of the Tuileries on 10 August 1792. Her own house was attacked on this occasion, and she sought refuge in the country side.
Jeanne Campan survived the dangers of the Terror, but after the 9th of Thermidor finding herself almost penniless, and being thrown on her own resources by the illness of her spouse, she determined to support herself by establishing a school at St Germain. The institution prospered, and was patronized by Hortense de Beauharnais, whose influence lead to the appointment of Madame Campan as superintendent of the academy founded by Napoleon at Écouen for the education of the daughters and sisters of members of the Legion of Honor in 1807. This post she held until it was abolished at the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, when she retired to Mantes, where she spent the rest of her life amid the kind attentions of affectionate friends, but saddened by the loss of her only son, and by the calumnies circulated on account of her connexion with the Bonapartes.
She died in 1822, leaving valuable Mémoires sur la vie privée de Marie Antoinette, suivis de souvenirs et anecdotes historiques sur les règnes de Louis XIV.-XV. (Paris, 1823); a treatise De l'Education des Femmes; and one or two small didactic works, written in a clear and natural style. The most noteworthy thing in her educational system, and that which especially recommended it to Napoleon, was the place given to domestic economy in the education of girls. At Écouen the pupils underwent a complete training in all branches of housework. wiki/Jeanne-Louise-Henriette_Campan
Napoleon Bonaparte, revolutionary general and Emperor of the French, died on May 5, 1821, after a six-year exile on the South Atlantic island of St. Helena.
An autopsy conducted after the death of Napoleon Bonaparte stated that he had died of stomach cancer. But advanced studies conducted in 1961 found some evidence of arsenic in the ruler’s hair. Soon the rumors of poisoning ran rife. British on their part had many motives to kill Napoleon too. But recently conducted medical investigations over the death of Napoleon confirmed that the Emperor had indeed died of natural causes.
Napoleon lived in this residence on St. Helena from 1816 to 1821. (Photo by John Ekwall)
During the Directory period Isabey frequented drawing rooms of Mme Tallien, Mme de Stael and Mme Récamier, becoming a friend both of the young general Bonaparte and his wife Josephine - he was later to be appointed drawing master to Josephine's children Hortense and Eugène.
Painting Name: The Empress Josephine 1808
Over the years, Isabey amassed many titles and became successively: painter and draughtsman for His Majesty's cabinet; painter and draughtsman for ceremonies and foreign relations (one of notable tasks in this respect was to oversee the coronation); organiser of public festivals and fêtes at the Tuileries; draughtsman of the Seal and of Titles; first painter of the empress Josephine's chamber; decorator for the imperial theatres; and drawing teacher to the empress Marie-Louise, in which role he succeeded Prud'hon. This latter job brought him welcome security and his pleasant nature made him soon very popular with Napoleon's new wife; as a close acquaintance of Josephine's, he had been concerned about his position after the divorce.
After Napoleon's marriage to Marie-Louise in 1810, Isabey became drawing master to the new Empress. Isabey painted Marie-Louise several times. Indeed, at the Salon of 1810 two watercolour portraits of Marie-Louise and Napoleon in their marriage costume were displayed; they were subsequently sent to Francis I of Austria (Schatzkammer, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). In 1811, the birth of the King of Rome, gave him the opportunity to commemorate the scene of the presentation of the child by the new mother to Napoleon. He also produced miniatures and in 1812 executed a portrait of Marie-Louise and other members of her family (painting them in Vienna - these portraits are now in the Albertina Museum).
In 1814, Isabey remained faithful to Napoléon, despite being much affected by the death of his seventeen-year-old son during the Campagne de France. At Fontainebleau, the emperor enjoined the artist to serve Louis XVIII as energetically as he had served him.
Born and raised as a Catholic, Eugénie grew up in the Palais Leuchtenberg on Ludwigstraße in Munich and frequently spent the summer months with her parents at Schloss Eugensberg, a castle built on Lake Constance (at what is now Salenstein) by her father. The family's behaviour was princely in every aspect - the French envoy Coulomb wrote in 1822: "Prince Eugène de Beauharnais lives in greater luxury than [Napoleon's] court". Their Palais in Munich had been built by the famous Bavarian architect Leo von Klenze for over 2 million guilders. Besides Munich and Schloss Eugensberg, the family had manors at Eichstätt and Ismaning. On her father's death in 1824, Eugénie inherited Schloss Eugensberg.
Marriage
In 22 May 1826 Eugénie married the Catholic erbprinzConstantine in Eichstätt. Eugénie brought hofkavalier Gustav von Billing (born inLeuchtenberg) to Hechingen as her financial advisor - he managed her large dowry on her mother's behalf and quickly won Konstantin trust as an advisor. From 1833 Eugénie and her husband lived at Schloss Lindich near Hechingen, the chief city of the Hohenzollern-Hechingen house, though they also spent much of the summer months at Schloss Eugensberg, thus keeping in contact with her aunt Hortense and her cousin Louis Napoleon, who later became Napoleon III. /wiki/Eugenie_de_Beauharnais
My new website
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With the launch of The Dress Detective: A Practical Guide to Object-based
Research in Fashion set for 19 November 2015, I have decided to create a
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